884 EXPERIMENT STATTON RECORD. [Vol.43 



gostoma columbianum in a large proportion of the carcasses of cattle examined 

 in the Suva and Taviuni districts of Fiji. In three cases in which the nodules 

 were very numerous and where there was an accompanying inflammation of the 

 mucous lining of the intestine, the emaciated condition of the animal was at 

 least partly due to the extensive formation of the nodules. The cattle in Fiji 

 appear to be infested more extensively than cattle in the United States, with 

 correspondingly more severe symptoms and results. 



Pathogenic bacteria in hog cholera blood, L. P. Doyxe and R. S. Sfray 

 (Jour. Infect. Diseases. 27 (1920), No. 3. pp. 2.).5-249).— "After the fifth day 

 following inoculation with hog cholera virus there was a marked increase in 

 the proportion of cholera-infected hogs having gas-producing bacteria in the 

 blood. 



" Hog-cholera blood containing gas-producing bacteria was usually fatal to 

 rabbits when injected subcutaneously. Hog-cholera blood not containing gas- 

 producing bacteria was nearly uniformly harmless to rabbits when injected 

 subcutaneously. Hog-cholera blood containing gas-producing bacteria was no 

 more harmful than blood not containing gas-producing bacteria when injected 

 in large quantities intravenously into hogs in the production of antihog-cholera 

 serum. 



" One strain of B. paratyphosus A was isolated by direct planting of hog- 

 cholera blood; another strain of B. paratyphosus A, and two strains of B. 

 paratyphosus B, were isolated from the heart blood of rabbits dying following 

 inoculation with hog-cholera blood. These strains were identical in all respects 

 with human strains of B. paratyphosus A and B. 



" Three identical intermediates were isolated, two by direct plating of hog- 

 cholera blood and one from heart blood of a rabbit, which died after inocula- 

 tion with hog-cholera blood. This same type has been isolated before and since 

 from the spleens of pigs." 



The relation between the quantity of serum administered and the active 

 immunity produced in the simultaneous vaccination against hog cholera 

 with virus and serum, T. P. Haslam (Jour. Path, and Bact., 23 {1920), No. 3, 

 pp. 333-341)- — The author reviews the conflicting opinions regarding the neces- 

 sity of an exact balancing of the serum and virus in the serum simultaneous 

 vaccination against hog cholera, and reports a series of experiments undertaken 

 to determine whether or not the administration of large doses of hog-cholera 

 serum inhibits the immunizing action of the virus. 



The plan of the experiment was to vaccinate groups of pigs with a constant 

 dose of virus and gradually increasing doses of serum and after six months to 

 test the pigs for immunity. Eleven groups of 4 pigs each were vaccinated 

 with 2 cc. of defibrinated blood virus preserved with 0.5 per cent phenol and 

 vi'ith amounts of serum varying from 0.1 to 10 cc. per pound of body weight. 

 Two groups of 4 each were vaccinated with 2 cc. of filtered virus and 0.5 and 

 5 cc. of serum per pound of body weight, respectively. The virulence of both 

 lots of virus was checked by the inoculation of susceptible pigs. Nonvaccinated 

 pigs and pigs vaccinated with serum and no virus were used as controls. The 

 animals in all cases were secured from noninfected farms and were held 

 in quarantine for two weeks previous to the beginning of the experiment. Six 

 months after the vaccination all of the pigs, including the controls, received 

 10 cc. each of defibrinated blood virus and in addition were fed liberally with 

 muscle virus from the pigs from which the blood virus was obtained. 



In the series in which the defibrinated virus was used, all of the 10 pigs 

 given virus alone sickened in 7 days; of the 43 pigs receiving virus and varying 

 amounts of serum, 42 survived; of 11 controls receiving no treatment only 1 

 sickened slightly, while none of the 8 controls receiving serum alone sickened. 



