19*01 VETHBTN-AirY lyTEDTCTPTE. 8^5 



The reaction following the simultaneous sorum-virus treatment varied con- 

 siderably with the amount of serum administered. The animals rece ving 

 amounts of serum up to 1 cc. per pound developed definite temperature reac- 

 tions, while those receiving 1 cc. or more did not show a rise in temperature. 



The immun ty tests, carried out six months later, gave the following results: 

 Thirty-one of the 42 simultaneously vaccinated pigs were tested and all proved 

 immune. Of 5 control pigs receiving serum alone none proved immune, and 

 of 7 receiving no treatment but kept in the same pen;?, only 1 was imnmne. 

 In the experiments in which filtered virus was used, none of the pigs receiving 

 0.5 cc. of serum per pound and 2 cc. of virus per pig were permanently immune, 

 and only 2 out of the 4 receiving 5 cc. of serum per pound and 2 cc. of virus 

 were permanently immune. 



Tlie author concludes that the immunity shown by the simultaneously vacci- 

 nated p gs depends upon the character of the virus employed and not upon the 

 amount of serum adniini.stered. 



Ulcerative lympliangitis or *' Preisz-Nocard disease " of horses, with 

 especial reference to immune sera, toxin, and antitoxin, E. A. Watson 

 (Jour. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc, 57 (1920), No. 3, pp. 257-269).— This paper, pre- 

 sented at the annual meeting of the American Veterinary Association at New 

 Orleans in November, 1919, consists of brief reports of an experimental study 

 of ulcerative lymphangitis, the term being used to cover only those forms of the 

 disease originating in infection with the bacillus of Preisz-Nocard. The experi- 

 ments, which were conducted in part at the veterinary bacteriological labora- 

 tory at Rouen, France, and in part at the veterinary research laboratory at 

 Lethbridge, Canada, included a study of infectivity and period of incubation, 

 pathogenicity for guinea pigs, immunization, specific properties of anti-Preisz- 

 Nocard serum, and the preparation, properties, and action of a soluble toxin. 

 The results obtained are sunrmarized as follows: 



" There is a high degree of infectivity when opportunity is given the bacillus 

 of penetrating the skin by means of a recently scratched or injured surface. 

 The interval between entry of the bacilli and the development of the primary 

 sore varied between 7 and 25 days. The intervals between primary and sec- 

 ondary lesions are still more variable, and, at any stage in the disease, long 

 or short periods of tolerance or local immunity are to be met with and ex- 

 pected. The range of virulence is a wide one. All degrees of pathogenic activ- 

 ity may be noted between that causing (1) an acute septicemia or toxemia, (2) 

 slowly evolved chronic or recurring purulent and ulcerous processes, and (3) 

 one or several isolated abscesses. 



"Attempts to im-munize and hyperimmunize horses were only partially suc- 

 cessful. A serum was obtained decidedly antitoxic and to sonre extent anti- 

 bacterial, but the horses furnishing the serum eventually succumbed to gen- 

 eralized infections in a more or less acute form. 



"An active .soluble toxin can be obtained in the filtrates of cultures of the 

 Preisz-Nocard bacillus of races specially selected for their virulent and toxi- 

 genic properties. The properties of the serum of diseased horses permit of 

 specific toxin-antitoxin methods of diagnosis." 



Further studies on " blackhead " in turkeys, with special reference to 

 transmission by inoculation, E. E. Tyzzer and M. Fabyan (Jour. Infect. 

 Diseases, 21 (1920), No. S. pp. 201-239, figs. 6). — "A distinct form of blackhead 

 may be produced in turkeys by the subcutaneous Inoculation of liver lesions 

 from acute cases, and this disease may be propagated apparently indefinitely 

 by subinocuiation into normal turkeys. This form of the di.sease is charac- 

 terized by the appearance of a primary local lesion which first shows appreci- 

 able development from five to seven days after Inoculation; by the occurrence 

 ISGTS"— ?0 7 



