19:^0] SOILS FERTILIZERS. 811 



Weather [at the North Central Minnesota Substation], O. I. Bebgh {Min- 

 nesota Sta., Rpt. Grand RniJids Sitbuta., 1915-1919, pp. 7-13). — Observations on 

 temperature, length of growing season, ami precipitation at this station, from 

 1915 to 1919, inclusive, are tabulated and brietly discussed. 



It is shown that the average mean temperature for the three winter months, 

 December, January, and February, for the 5-year period, was 6.5° F., for the 

 spring months 37.7°, for the sunmier months 64.5°, and for the fall months 39.3°. 

 The average yearly mean temperature for the five years was 37.1°. The lowest 

 temperature recorded was —47°, in January, 1915, and the highest 102°, in 

 July. 1917. The winters are characterized by very low temperatures, which, 

 however, usually occur in still, dry weather. The summer is marked by cool 

 nights and warm days. 



The average length of growing season during the five years was 112.8 days. 

 The shortest .season was 89 days in 1916 and the longest 149 days in 1919. The 

 average annual precipitation for the 5-year period was 22.57 in., the greater por- 

 tion of the precipitation occurring during the growing season. 



Comparative observations on upland soil and on peat land of the muskeg 

 showed that temperatures on the latter averaged from 1 to 2° lower than on 

 the upland soil. Sununer frosts are more frequent and more severe on the 

 peat than on the upland. For this reason tender crops, such as com or potatoes, 

 can not be recommended for peat soils in this region. However, under proper 

 management and fertilizer treatments oats and peas and timothy and clover 

 can be successfully grown for hay; Kentucky blue grass, redtop, timothy, and 

 clover for pasture; rape for soiling and temporary pasture; and rutabagas, tur- 

 nips, carrots, cabbage, onions, celery, and lettuce for stock and for table use. 



The climate of the Netherlands: Air temperature, C. M. A. Hartman 

 iXederlaud. Konink. Med. Inst., Meded. VerJiandel., 2/f (1918), pp. 10^; abs. in 

 X'lture [London'l, 105 {1920), No. 2645, p. 600).— The available data, in one case 

 from observations running back to 1743, are summarized and discussed, 

 especially with reference to variations with latitude and distance from the sea. 



" The annual variation is given for 24 years from 1894 to 1917, inclusive, at 

 12 stations ; the range of temperature varies with latitude and with an increased 

 distance from the sea. Diurnal variation is much affected by the influence of 

 the sea. . . . The highest temperatures observed are 99° F. and 97° at Maes- 

 tricht, respectively, on August 4. 1857, and July 28, 1911, and 97° at Oudenbosch 

 on June 8, 1915. The lowest readings are — 8° at Winterswijk on February 7, 

 1895, and at Katwijk-on-Kliine on February 14, 1895. Frequency of different 

 temperatures is given for several stations and for all months, and the occur- 

 rences of diurnal variations of temperature for each degree Centigrade are 

 tabulated, al.so the diurnal range for each of the 24 hours. One of the many 

 tables shows the temperatures which occur each month, with the different 

 directions of the wind." 



[Meteorology in South Australia], W. L. Johnston {So. Aust. Statis. Reg., 

 1918-19, pt. 5. pp. I'l'i-l.'iO). — Tables show the amount and distribution of rain- 

 fall and wheat yields in the agricultural areas of South Australia, 1906-1918; 

 rainfall in different counties, 1879-1918; rainfall in towns. 1916-1918; rainfall 

 at Adelaide observatory, lS.54-1919; and observations on temperature and 

 l)ressure at Adelaide observatory, 1910-1919. 



SOILS— FERTILIZERS. 



Soil survey of Pulaski County, Ga., A. H. Meykr {U. S. Dept. Agr., Adv. 

 Sheets Field Oper. Bur. Soils, 191S, pp. 25, fig. 1, map 1). — This survey, made in 

 cooperation with the Georgia State College of Agriculture, deals with the soils 



