878 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. [Vol. 43 



dress, made at a meeting of the New Jersey State Dairymen's Association, tlie 

 author draws some conclusions from his worlv as Federal Milk Commissioner 

 for Pennsylvania. 



It is pointed out that increasetl volume of business in milk plants and 

 increased load on retail wagons have in recent years brought about economies 

 in distribution sufficient to offset rising costs of labor and material. In Phila- 

 delphia an agreement among dealers as to minimum load per wagon has made 

 the elimination of duplicating routes almost automatic. The "cash and carry " 

 plan of retailing milk is considered less economical than the house to house 

 delivery, since the consumption is smaller and less regular and the unit cost 

 of delivering the milk is thereby increa.sed. 



Method for determining milk prices at Evansville, Ind., W. L. Hannixg 

 (Hoard's Dairyman, 58 {1920), No. 25, pp. 1168, 1169).— Two schemes used in 

 Evansville, Ind., are reported. 



By the first scheme production cost was determined by the so-called Purdue 

 formula, which was based upon the investigations of Bain and Posson in Porter 

 County, Ind. (E. S. R., 43, p. 678). The .sum of the price.'? of 20 lbs. of corn, 

 20 lbs. of mill feed, 48 Iba of hay, 1.50 lbs. of silage, 20 lbs. of stover, 20 lbs. 

 of straw, and 3 hours' labor, to which is added a 10 per cent managerial charge, 

 is assumed to equal the cost of producing 100 lbs. of milk testing 8..5 per cent fat. 



This scheme was in operation from November, 1918, to June, 1919, when the 

 second scheme was inaugurated. By this plan the fat in 100 lbs. of milk is 

 charged at the prevailing market price for butter fat, and the value of the 

 skim milk in 100 lbs. of milk is assumed to equal the market price of 30 lbs. 

 of shorts (on the ton basis). There is a 40-cent premium per hundredweight 

 for clean milk and a sliding scale of additions and subtractions to encourage 

 winter production. The second plan is said to be working out to the satisfaction 

 of producers and consumers. 



A city-owned milk plant, P. A. Davis {Hoard's Dairyman, 60 {1920), No. 8, 

 p. 290). — It is stated that Jamestown, N. Y., has recently voted to increase its 

 bonded debt for the purpose of erecting a milk plant and retailing milk. Advo- 

 cates of the measure pointed out the possibility of complete sanitary control 

 of the milk supply and the prevention of a threatened shortage due to competi- 

 tion with the condensaries. 



Operation of the Twin City Milk Producers' Association, H. R. Leonard 

 (Hoard's Dairyman, 59 (1920), No. Jf, pp. 1811-189, fig. J).— This is an account 

 of a cooperative association of milk producers which maintains milk plants in 

 St. Paul and Minneapolis, selling market milk to retailers and manufacturing 

 any surplus into butter and cheese. 



The different systems of cooperative dairy plants, C. Bovy {Jour. Soc. 

 Natl. Agr. Belg., 2 (1920), Nos. 31, pp. 285, 286; 35, pp. 317, 318; 39, pp. 3^9, 

 350). — The author di-scusses the organization and activities in Belgium of local 

 milk plants, regional milk plants, central creameries, central milk plants, and 

 Federal milk plants. 



A classification of ledger accounts for creameries, G. O. Knapp, B. B. 

 Mason, and A. V. Swarthout (U. S. Dept. Agr. Bui. 865 (1920), pp. //0^— The 

 creamery ledger accounts are divided into 15 classes and the scope of each 

 is defined. Some of the procedures suggested differ from those in Bulletin 

 559 (E. S. R., 37, p. 875). "These changes have been found desirable after 

 observation of actual operations extending over a period of several years." 

 The preparation of balance sheets and of statements of income and expense is 

 included. 



" Garlic taste " in butter and experiments to produce from garlicky 

 cream butter entirely free from this flavor, E. Haglund (Meddel. Central- 



