RURAL ENGINEERING. 387 



meat Station whereby blood may be rapidly and aseptically drawn from the 

 tail of a hog by means of a vacuum. A specially constructed instrument for 

 vacuum tail bleeding, a satisfactory method for the restraint of the hog 

 during bleeding, and an efficient method of separating the defibrinated blood 

 from the fibrin are also described. 



The refinement of hog cholera serum, J. Reichel (Rpt. U. S. Live Stock 

 Sajiit. Assoc, 18 (ID 15), pp. 127-138, figs. S). — Tests made by the author are 

 said to prove conclusively that the cellular debris of antihog-cholera serum does 

 not contain any protective substances. The results were subsequently confirmed 

 through separating the solids from the liquid portion of hog-cholera " anti- 

 toxin "—defibrinated blood — with chemical precipitants and filtration, the 

 liquids alone being found to include the protective substances. " Repeated 

 tests on susceptible test pigs of a mixture of the globulins as one of the end 

 products, the serum albumin as another, and the cellular debris, etc., as 

 another showed that the globulins alone carried with them the protective 

 substance. Subsequent tests showed that the protective substance was asso- 

 ciated with the pseudoglobulin alone, and for practical purposes it seenis un- 

 necessary to separate the euglobulin from the pseudoglobulin." 



Hog cholera control, C. H. Stange (Jour. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc, 48 (1915), 

 No. 2, pp. 156-159). — ^A statement of the situation in Iowa. 



Bacillary white diarrhea (Bacterium pullorum infection) in young chicks 

 in Massachusetts, G. E. Gage and Bekyl H. Paige (Massachusetts Sta. Bui. 

 163 (1915), pp. 48, 2)ls. S, fig. i).— This bulletin sets forth the facts concerning 

 bacillary white diarrhea of young chicks, including a discussion of its cause, 

 distribution, diagnosis, and economic importance in Massachusetts. See also 

 a previous note (E. S. R., 31, p. 683). The results obtained from the work 

 of the veterinary department in applying the macroscopic agglutination test 

 as a means of detecting hens which may be the source of infection are 

 reported upon, details relating to the results of the testing of representative 

 flocks from chosen districts being presented in tabular form. A map showing 

 the areas in which infection has been detected by the isolation of cultures of 

 B. pullorum and the agglutination test is attached. The infection appears to 

 be distributed throughout the State. 



RURAL ENGINEERING. 



Evaporation and seepage from irrigation reservoirs, K. A. Heron (Engin. 

 News, 14 (1915), No. 7, pp. 294, 295, figs. 2). — Evaporation, seepage, inflow, and 

 outflow records of tw(> somewhat shallow reservoirs with unfavorable bottoms 

 ire briefly reported, showing that the seepage losses are greater as the depth 

 of water in the reservoir increases. The water carries very little sediment and 

 the bottoms are sand, silt, and adobe underlaid with a hardpan layer from 2 to 

 8 ft. thick. 



Transmission losses in Modesto irrigation canals, K. A. Heron (Engin. 

 News, 74 (1915), No. 13, p. 583, fig. 1). — A summary of observations of trans- 

 mission losses by seepage and e\aporation on IS unlined earth canals and lat- 

 erals of the Modesto irrigation district, California, are graphically repor^d. 



According to the curve of average losses for the 18 canals, the losses varied 

 from 2 second-feet per mile of canal for canals carrying 100 second-feet to over 

 3.5 second-feet per mile of canal for canals carrying 600 second-feet. The unusu- 

 ally high transmission losses are attributed to the warm .summer temperature 

 and to the sandy formations and soils of the district. It is thought that the 

 cui've will represent average conditions in generally sandy areas. 

 24307°— No. 4—16 1 



