384 EXPERIMENT STATION BECOBD. 



other. One of these is said to be identical with Theileria parva and the other 

 with Piroplasma annulatum. In severe cases more than 90 per cent of the 

 corpuscles may be invaded. It appears to be practically certain that under 

 natural conditions the disease is spread by Ui/alomma wgyptium. 



Some notes and experiments on Sarcocystis tenella, J. W. Scon {Jour. 

 Parasitology, 2 (1915), No. 1, pp. 20-24). — The author considers the studies 

 here reported to be chiefly important for their negative significance. 



"Infection with S. tenella failed to occur (a) as the result of feeding in- 

 fected muscle, (b) as the result of eating grass contaminated with feces from a 

 carnivorous animal previously fed on infected muscle, and (c) by allowing in- 

 fected muscle to decay either on dry grass or in a pond. The apparently 

 positive results of the third experiment are best explained as due to con- 

 ditions independent of that experiment. All of the evidence favors the 

 view that the sheep is not the definitive host of S. tenella. and therefore is in 

 accord with Darling's suggestion [E. S. R., 33, p. 863] tliat the muscle para- 

 sites of vertebrates are aberrant forms." 



A bibliography of nine titles is appended. 



Various sporotricha differentiated by the fermentation of carbohydrates. — 

 Studies on American sporotrichosis, I, K. F. Meyer and J. A. Aird (Jour. 

 Infect. Diseases, 16 (1915), No. S, pp. S99-409) .—The authors' investigations 

 have led to the following conclusions : 



" The differentiation of pathogenic sporotricha into two distinct species by 

 means of the fermentation of carbohydrates is impossible. The reactions are 

 not fixed and are as inconstant as the many variations noted in the formation 

 of clilamydospores and, frequently, in pleomorphism. There does exist, how- 

 ever, an apparent relation between the pigmentation of the sporotrichum strains 

 and the ability of the.se .strains to ferment saccharose. The a and /3 types are 

 the most active fermenters. 



" This and other evidence, wliich will bo presented elsewhere, make it ap- 

 parent that the American sporotricha. of which we studied 35 strains, have 

 in many respects type characters in common with f^porothrix henrmnnni. In 

 the light of De Beurmann's and Gougerot's work some of the American strains 

 are doubtless S. beurmanni, and it is not permissible to call such strains ' S. 

 schenckii ' merely for the sake of simplicity. The discussion of De Beurmann 

 and Gougerot on this subject can now also, in our opinion, be satisfactorily 

 closed, namely, that S. .vhenckii, Hektoen-Gougerot strain, is an absolutely 

 fixed type. The true S. schenckii is represented, however, by all of the recently 

 Isolated strains. Inasmuch as most of these strains are undoubtedly identical 

 with S. beurmanni, the .S. schenckii is identical with the S. beurmanni. 



" The American strains of pathogenic sporotricha are therefore best classified 

 as one species: .S. schcnckii-beurmanni (as suggeste<l by Greco)." 



Epizootic lymphangitis and sporotrichosis. — Studies on American sporo- 

 trichosis, II, K. F. Meyer (Amer. Jour. Trop. Diseases and Prev. Med., S 

 (1915), No. S, pp. lJf4-16S).— The studies reported in this second paper on the 

 subject have been summarized by the author as follows: 



" Epizootic lymphangitis of equines is caused in South Africa. Algeria, and 

 Jamaica by a parasite which morphologically (Gram positive, irregular inside 

 structure, budding forms) has all the characteristics of a yeast and which 

 biologically behaves, in the complement-fixation test, like a blastomyces. The 

 similarity with Leishmania bodies, which is suggested by .some staining re- 

 actions (with Giemsa, etc.) and the position of the parasites in the phagocytes, 

 is explained, and it is demonstrated that the serologic tests and the more care- 

 ful morphological studies with hematoxylin stains do not justify the creation 



