FOODS — HUMAN NUTEITIOK. 163 



should not be relied upon to the exclusion of artificial control methods where the 

 infestation is serious. Fumigation with hydrocyanic acid gas is not to be 

 recommended. The citrophilus mealy bug is more resistant to hydrocyanic acid 

 gas than any of the three other species. Spraying with water under high pres- 

 sure, using the M. A. C. nozzle, is the most effective means of control, and when 

 thoroughly done gives a considerable degree of success. Treatment should be 

 repeated whenever the injury produced by the insect becomes sufficient to war- 

 rant the expense." 



Boll weevil control by cotton stalk destruction, AY. E. Hinds {Alabama Col. 

 Sta. Circ. 33 {1015), pp. Jt2~Jfl, figs. 2). — This circular emphasizes the im- 

 portance of cotton stalk destruction in the early fall and suggests methods of 

 accomplishing it, including a description and plan of an A-shaped cotton stalk 

 cutter, as given by Newell and Dougherty." 



The grass worm or fall army worm (Laphygma frugiperda), W. E. Hinds 

 and J. A. Dew {Alabama Col. Sta. Bui. 186 {1915), pp. 61-92, pis. 4, fig. 1). — 

 This is a detailed report of studies of the life history, habits, and control of 

 L. frugipcrda, a resume of observations of which by Dew has been previously 

 noted (E. S. E., 29. p. 655). 



" In southern Alabama the life cycle required an average period of about 30 

 days. The various stages averaged as follows: Egg, 3 days; larva, 14 days; 

 pupa, 10 days; adult life to include oviposition, 3 days. . . . Hibernation ap- 

 pears to occur in Alabama, principally at least, in the pupal stage. No other 

 hibernating stage was found. . . . Only a small percentage (possibly not over 

 10 to 20 per cent) of the eggs of dipterous parasites produce parasitism among 

 the worms. Most of them are shed with the larval skins before hatching. In 

 Alabama, in 1912, parasitic species of Sarcophagidfe were more numerous and 

 beneficial than the Tachinidae. Egg parasites were comparatively rare. . . . 



" In cultural control the most effective practice was found to be light, shallow 

 cultivation during the pupal period. A single harrowing destroyed from 35 to 

 50 per cent of the pupte. Where the worms destroy field crops in August the 

 best practice would seem to be to plow under the remains of the crop and follow 

 with at least three thorough workings with the disk harrow during a period of 

 10 to 15 days, then replant to any fall crop or cover crop desired. . . . Among 

 the arsenical poisons, the best results were obtained from arsenate of lead and 

 arsenite of zinc, both applied as sprays." 



FOODS— HUMAN NUTEITION. 



Meat flour, F. Baumann {Konserv. Ztg., 16 {1915), Nos. 25, pp. 97, 98; 26, 

 pp. 101, 102; 27, pp. 105, 106). — In this summary and digest of experimental 

 data the author describes the method of preparation and the properties of flour 

 made by drying and milling lean meat. The fact is emphasized that it is neces- 

 sary to use meat containing as little fat as possible, as the best safeguard against 

 rancidity, and to remove most of the water. In addition, it has been found 

 advisable to use about 3 per cent of sodium chlorid as a preservative. Meat 

 flour prepared in this way is said to possess a good odor and taste ; due to its 

 high protein content it is a valuable food ; and it is also well digested. 



The putrefaction of prepared meat, game, wild fowl, and fish, Weichel 

 {Arch, ^yiss. u. Prakt. Ticrheilk., 41 {1915), No. 4-5, pp. 322-372).— In this 

 summary and digest of experimental data very complete information is given 

 as to the underlying causes and conditions of the decay of different kinds of 



" Crop Pest Com. La. Circ. 30 (1909). 



