HORTICULTURE. 147 



were of markedly inferior quality. Slightly less damage was done to the trees 

 treated with the dust. The trees treated with atomic sulphur were damaged 

 to a considerably less extent. Carman was the most seriously injured variety, 

 Greensboro, Waddell, Reeves Favorite, and Mountain Rose being successively 

 less injured in the order named. 



The apple experiments were conducted in a young and vigorous orchard of 

 7-year-old trees which had received excellent care. The insects which were in- 

 jurious were the curculio, the codling moth, and the apple aphis. The aphis 

 was controlled by a separate spraying of blackleaf 40, while the damage done 

 by the codling moth was insignificant. The only fungus disease of importance 

 was the scab. This was most serious on the Rome Beauty, where it attacked 

 both the leaves and fruit. The entire orchard received a thorough spraying 

 with scalecide and five summer sprays were giv'en, the first at the cluster-cup 

 stage and the last eight weeks after blossoming. Tlae materials compared in- 

 cluded powdered arsenate of lead in solution, Pyrox, commercial lime-sulphur 

 with powdered arsenate of lead, and finely divided sulphur containing 10 per 

 cent arsenate of lead applied both in suspension and as a dust. The arsenate 

 of lead used alone did not spread satisfactorily and failed to protect the fruit 

 from curculio injury. Scab infection was not epidemic in the untreated plat, 

 but the apples were sei-iously enough injured to present a decidedly imsatis- 

 factory appearance. None of the treatments gave a complete control of scab. 

 Those treated with Pyrox were good except for a certain amount of copper 

 injury, while apples treated with the sulphur solution were small and poorly 

 colored. Apples treated witli lime-sulphur and with the sulphur dust were alike 

 noticeable for their superior finish and general excellent appearance. 



The results as a whole seem to indicate that the sulphur dust treatment may 

 be fairly comparable to the ordinary wet treatments so far as results are con- 

 cerned under ordinary farm conditions. The chief advantage claimed for the use 

 of sulphur dust is its rapidity of application. In view of the greater cost of 

 material used and the necessity for maintaining a wet spraying apparatus in 

 addition to the dusting machinery for applying the dormant spray and for pro- 

 tection against the aphis when it occurs, the station is not prepared as yet to 

 recommend the use of sulphur diist to New Jersey farmers. 



Some preliminary experiments were started with pears for the purpose of 

 comparing the values of various standard sprays in maintaining the vigor of 

 the foliage and increasing the quality of the fruit. A general survey was also 

 made of the diseases prevalent in the State and to what extent each demands 

 treatment. The spraying materials used Included Bordeaux, lime-sulphur, and 

 Pyrox, with substitutions of atomic sulphur for lime-sulphur and Pyrox in the 

 later sprayings on some of the plats. The check plat was sprayed with arsenate 

 of lead. Arsenate of lead was added to all of the earlier sprays, except Pyrox, 

 for the control of codling moth, and blackleaf 40 to all of the later sprays for the 

 control of psylla. No previous winter treatment for psylla was given, and its 

 control was not successful. 



The three most serious troubles in the orchard were the brown blotch, black 

 fruit and leaf spot, and copper injury. All of the plats on which good control of 

 brown blotch was secured were sprayed four times with either Bordeaux or 

 Pyrox, the treatments being continued to the end of July or the first part of 

 August. This disease was not controlled in plats receiving late sprayings with 

 lime-sulphur and atomic sulphur. Copper injury was severe on all the Bordeaux 

 plats, relatively slight on one plat sprayed with Pyrox, and absent from the 

 other plat. Fruit russeting was noticeable on the lime-sulphur plats and rela- 

 tively slight on the others. 



