ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 157 



While three organisms, Bacillus amylovorus, IS phcvr apsis malorum, and Schizo- 

 phyllum commune, were isolated from affected bark, it has not been shown that 

 any of these are primarily responsible for the trouble, as no infection experi- 

 ments were successful with j'oung trees. 



Satisfactory results have in a number of cases followed a treatment consist- 

 ing in the removal of all affected bark as soon as detected, leaving a clean-cut 

 edge of healthy bark which is then washed with a good disinfectant and covered 

 with a coating of mixed lead paint and boiled linseed oil or with a coating of 

 tar or asphaltum in case of parts below the surface of the ground. Extensive 

 wounds should be covered with a sheet of grafting wax to promote tissue for- 

 mation. Wounds made to remove borers should be disinfected, overbearing and 

 excessive leafage should be prevented, and the roots should be given sufficient 

 fertilizer, aeration, and water. 



Jonathan spot rot, M. T. Cook and G. W. Martin (New Jersey Stas. Rpt. 

 1914, pp. 500-503). — This is a detailed account of investigations, the results of 

 which have already been noted (E. S. R., 31, p. 748 ; 33, p. 348). 



Orange or cedar rust of apple, H. R. Fulton (Pennsylvania Sta. Rpt. 1912, 

 pp. 253, 254). — Results are given of studies testing the relative importance of 

 the several factors or conditions resulting in the infection of apple by the 

 orange or cedar rust fungus {Gymnosporangium macropus) . 



Spraying experiments to control rose mildew and black spot, M. A. Blake 

 and C. H. Connors {Neic Jersey Stas. Rpt. 1914, PP- 38, 39). — ^The authors re- 

 port some experiments to test the efficiency of formaldehyde solutions for the 

 control of rose mildew and black spot under greenhouse conditions. American 

 Beauty rose plants were potted and allowed to reach a good condition of growth, 

 when different lots were sprayed with formaldehyde diluted in the following 

 proportions : 1 : 300, 1 : 250, 1 : 200, 1 : 150, and 1 : 100. All these dilutions were 

 used with safety, no burning resulting, and although the plants when potted were 

 badly infected with black spot, after spraying the spots ceased to spread. 



A similar experiment with Killarney, using a dilution of 1 : 250, was under- 

 taken, the results of which were disastrous, as nearly all the leaves were lost 

 from the plants. This experiment is believed to indicate the danger of untried 

 spray materials, and also the difference in resistance to injury on the part of 

 different varieties. 



Chestnut bark disease, H. R. Fulton {Pennsylvania Sta. Rpt. 1912, pp. 254, 

 255). — This is a brief note on the progress of a study on the life habits of the 

 chestnut blight fungus (DiaportJie parasitica), on the variousi factors which 

 may affect its activity, and on species related to that fungus. 



Physiological studies on the chestnut blight disease, R. A. Waldron (Penn- 

 sylvania Sta. Rpt. 1913, pp. 152-156, pis. 4). — A brief account is given of in- 

 vestigations carried on by the author, in which the morphology of the fungus 

 Endothia parasitica, the germination of its spores, and their methods of dis- 

 semination were studied. 



A Nectria parasitic on Norway maple, M. T. Cook (New Jersey Stas. Rpt. 

 1914, P- 504). — The substance of this article has already been noted (E. S. R., 

 33, p. 249). 



ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY— ENTOMOLOGY. 



Game laws for 1915. — A summary of the provisions relating to seasons, 

 export, sale, limits, and licenses, T. S. Palmer, W. F. Bancroft, and F. L. 

 Eaknshaw (U. S. Dept. Agr., Farmers' Bui. 692 (1915), pp. 64, figs. 4).— This, 

 the sixteenth annual summary of the game laws of the United States and 

 Canada, has been prepared on the same general plan as those previously issued 

 (E. S. R., 32, p. 244). 



