16 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



The third type is a sandy sedimentary soil witli a rocky subsoil, and is char- 

 acterized by a high content of fine sand and silica, considerable clay, and a 

 high content of sesquioxids of iron. The fourth type is a very sandy soil, very 

 permeable, and characterized by a high content of fine silica, a low clay content, 

 little nitrogen, and much potash, and is fairly well stocked with humus, lime, 

 and iron. The fifth type is a very fertile forest soil. It contains considerable 

 sand and clay and is fairly well supplicnl with the plant food constituents. 



Past and present soil investigations in Norway, K. O. Bjorlykke ( Interna t. 

 Mitt. Bodenlc, 5 {1015), No. 2, pp. 113-126, fig. i).— The history of soils investi- 

 gations in Norway from the sixteenth century up to the present time is briefly 

 described and the plan of present-day invtstiirjitions is ()utline<l. 



The white soils of the Bram and Reinhard forests in the colored sand- 

 stone regions of the upper Weser River, K. Vogel von Falckenstein and G. 

 VON Romberg {Internal. Mitt. Bodcnk., 5 (1915), No. 2, pp. 77-101).— In con- 

 tinuation of work previously noted (E. S. R., 31, p. 513) chemical, mechanical, 

 and physical analyses of white soils are reporteil and discussed with reference 

 to similar analyses of other miscellaneous relate<l types, particularly the colored 

 sandstone soils. 



The white soils were found to be relatively rich in plant food, especially 

 magnesia, potash, and phosphoric add. as conipare<l with the bleache<l topsoil 

 of colored sandstone .soil and dune sand. The ratio of alumina and silica soluble 

 in hydrochloric acid and carbonated water was 1 : 1.8 in white soil and 1 : 7 In 

 colore<J sandstone soil. A comparison of white soil with so-called sticky sandy 

 soils showed them to be of very similar origin and to be similar In that they 

 both have no leache<l-out upper layer. 



The mechanical analyses, according to the Schone method, showed that the 

 colored sandstone soils have a much higher content of the finest constituents 

 than white .soils, while the latter have a high dust content. A certain par- 

 rallelism was found to exist between the weathereil alumina and the finest 

 particles in both white soils and colored sandstone soils, but no such parallelism 

 existed with re.spect to dust content. 



White soils and sticky sand soils were found to have a similar content of the 

 finest particle.s. Mechanical analyses according to the Atterberg methml showed 

 that the colore<l sandstone .soils containetl about twice as much colloidal matter 

 as white soils. A comparison of the mechanical analyses by the two methods 

 led to the classification of the white soil as sandy lonm and the colore<l sand- 

 stone soil as fine, sandy clay. The sandstone soils were also found to have a 

 greater hygroscoplcity and absorptive power for nitrogen than the white soils. 

 The amount of voids in white soils decreased with the depth and was smaller 

 than in loamy sandstone soils. 



Cultivation and the incorporation of organic matter are thought to produce 

 marke<l improvement in all the.se soils. 



Influence of irrigation and of increased natural humidity on the processes 

 of soil formation and of the transportation of salts in the soils and subsoils 

 of the Golodnoi (Hungary) Steppe. Samarkand Province, N. A. Dimo 

 (V/M?i»ic Iskii!<stvc)m(i(in OroilK iiitli i rorj/shrnuoijn E<>tc.<<trrnna{jo f'vlazh- 

 7ienita na Protscxsy Porhvoohrazovanifh i Pcrciti(?i<hchrnif(l r Pochvo-pnintakh 

 Golodnoi Stcpi, Samarkandskoi Obi. Saratov, 1911, pp. 65. pi. 1, figs. 10: rev. 

 in Zhur. Opytn. Agron. {Russ. Jour. Erpt. Landtc), 15 {1914), No. 2. pp. 1S6- 

 1S8). — This report consi.sts of ten sections. 



In studies of alknli in. soils growing whent. It wa.s found that only the arable 

 Inyer (18 to 20 cm. in depth) bad a large content of soluble salts, which roach«>l 

 on a bare .spot as high as 14 per cent at a depth of from ."^ to .T cm. With two 

 exceptions, sodium, magnesium, and calciinn sulphates pre<lomlnnted. 



