AGRTCULTUEAL CHEMISTRY AGROTECHNY. 113 



fliistrial analysis. The second method gave good results when an excess of 

 acetic acid was iised, but the third method apparently does not merit use. 



The adulteration of preserved beef with horse meat, G. Issoglio (Ann. R. 

 Accad. Agr. Torino, 57 (1914), pp. 204-213). — INIethods are given for the detec- 

 tion of horse meat in canned beef. 



Bread, C. J. Koning and W. C. Moou, Jn., (Chem. WeeJcbl., 11 (1914), ^'o. 50, 

 pp. 1064-1066). — ^A method is given for the detection of large quantities of un- 

 bolted flour in bread. Analyses show that unbolted meal and bread prepared 

 from it contain a much greater pentosan content than do the bolted products. 



Determination of the flour content of bread, G. J. Van Meuks (Chem. 

 Weekhl., 12 (1915), No. 2, j)p. 20-24). — A critici.sm of the above article. 



The flour content problem, K. Scheeinga (Chem. Weekhl., 12 (1915), No. 6, 

 p. 117). — A controversial article concerning the formulas suggested by Van 

 Meurs for estimating the flour content of bread. 



The determination of fat in ice cream by the Babcock method, O. A. A. 

 Utt (Jour. Indus, and Engin. Chem., 7 (1915), No. 9, p. 773). — A method is de- 

 scribed, using a mixture of sulphuric and acetic acids, which gives good results 

 in the determination of fat in ice cream. Checks were obtained in ice-cream 

 mixtures made up according to various formulas within from 0.04 to 0.15 per 

 cent of the amount occurring in the mixtures. 



A new microscopic test for pasteurized milk, W. D. Frost (Ahs. in Science, 

 n. scr., -{.2 (1915), No. 1079, p. 322).— "A. few cubic centimeters' of milk have 

 mixed with them one-fifth as much of a saturated aqueous solution of methylene 

 blue. This colored milk is allowed to stand about 30 minutes; it is then cen- 

 trifuged and the sediment spread on a glass slide. When dry it is ready for 

 examination. In raw milk the microscopic field is stained a uniform blue in 

 which appear clear areas v/hich are either fat globules or leucocytes. The 

 polymorphomtclear cells are irregular in outline, about 12 microns in diameter, 

 and unstained or only slightly tinged. The sediment from milk heated to 60° C. 

 or above presents a very different picture. The polymorphonuclear leucocytes 

 are rounded xap and shrunken so that they are only about 8 microns in diameter 

 and the nuclei are deeply stained." 



The significance of milk sugar for the hygienic jiidgment of milk, A. 

 Gabathui.er (Ztf^chr. Flcisch. u. MUcliliijg., 25, (1915), Nos. 7, pp. 97-100; 8, pp. 

 113-119; 9, pp. 135-140). — The lactose of milk is subject to variations due to 

 individual peculiarities of the animal, and also to the period of lactation. The 

 amount is favorably influenced by rest but above all things it is dependent upon 

 the condition of health of the mammary gland. The slightest functional dis- 

 turbance is said to make itself felt in the milk sugar content. 



At the beginning of lactation, the milk sugar content is low and from thence 

 on it rises to a maximum point at the height of lactation, only to fall again at 

 the end of lactation. Estrum seems only to exert a slight effect upon the milk 

 sugar content, except that an increase is noted at the end for a short time. 

 Neither does spraying affect the results, except that where the milk secreting 

 function has been affected by a high grade of nymphomania it returns to its 

 normal composition after ovariotomy. The salty taste of a milk is never due 

 to an increased output of sodium chlorid, but sometimes to a low milk sugar con- 

 tent. The author believes that for the hygienic judging of milk, the milk sugar 

 content must be taken into consideration. 



Manufacture of sucrose from maize, J. Bohle (Deut. Zuckerindus., 89 

 (1914), No. 24, pp. 538-540; ahs. in Jour. Soc. Chem. Indus., 33 (1914), No. 13, 

 pp. 704, 705). — In a large scale experiment, maize grown in Tucuman, Argentina, 

 was crushed in a double 3-rolIer mill. An extraction of 55 i^er cent by weight 



