RURAL ENGINEERING. 481 



in other organs. Death often resulted from internal hemorrhage from the 

 tumor, tlie underlying tissue, or the hjpertrophied liver or spleen. The tumors 

 can be classified into cystic and tissue tumors ; 22.78 per cent of the tumors 

 wei'e of cystic and 74.68 per cent of solid tissue structure. There were two 

 cases of tissue tumors to which cysts were attached. 



" In the females the organs most frequently affected were the genital organs ; 

 37.76 per cent of all the tumors being in the ovary and 18.36 per cent in the 

 oviduct and oviduct ligament. In most cases the tumors were confined to one 

 organ. In 1.5 cases, however, the tumor had evidently undergone metastasis, 

 since tumors of similar nature occurred in from two to four organs." 



Au outbreak of roup and chicken pox in which the high mortality was 

 apparently caused by a secondary invader, B. A. Beach, H. Lothe, and J. G. 

 Halpin (Jour. Infect. Diseases, 17 (1915), No. 3, pp. 554-558). — During the 

 course of investigations of an outbreak of roup and chicken pox in a large 

 flock of poultry the authors isolated a bacillus which resembles that of chicken 

 cholera but differs from it in several respects. 



" The data which we could gather as regards the biology of this organism 

 indicate that it probably belongs to the hemorrhagic septicemia group. As 

 pointed out, under the microscope it resembles fowl cholera but differs from it 

 markedly in two respects: (1) Cultural characteristics. Grovrth was very 

 meager, while fowl cholera exhibits much heavier growth, will live much longer 

 outside the animal body, and has a different appearance culturally when grown 

 on agar slopes. (2) Pathogenicity. . . . Ducks are immune to this organism, 

 and the injection of killed cultures confers no immunity to fowl cholera. This 

 is a disease of wound infection, while fowl cholera may be transmitted by way 

 of the mouth. 



" Just what relation secondary invaders have to roup and chicken pox in 

 general throughout the country is hard to state, as unfortunately v.-e have not 

 had opportunity to investigate another out\)reak where the mortality ran high. 

 However, it seems reasonable to suppose that their role is far from inconse- 

 quential when we consider the wide range in mortality in different outbreaks in 

 which the lesions both as to character and extent are similar." 



Diseases of poultry: Their etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, 

 R. Peael, F. M. Sueface, and Maynie R. Cuetis (New York: The llacmiUan 

 Co., 1915, pp. Xl-\-342, figs. 72). — A revised and enlarged edition of the work 

 previously noted (E. S. R., 25, p. 387). 



KTTEAL ENGINEEHING. 



Irrigation practice and engineering. — I, Use of irrigation *water and irri- 

 gation practice, B. A. Etcheveeey (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1915, 

 vol. 1, pp. XIII+213, pis. 13, figs. 77).— This volume, the first of a series on the 

 subject, deals with the use of irrigation water and with irrigation practice, 

 and is intended as a text-book for students and teachers and as a reference book 

 for irrigation engineers and managers and superintendents of irrigation sys- 

 tems. 



The following chapters are included : Soil moisture and plant growth and their 

 bearing on irrigation practice ; disposal of irrigation water applied to the soil, 

 plant transpiration, soil moisture evaporation, soil water percolation, surface 

 waste ; water requirement of irrigated crops ; results of investigations and irri- 

 gation practice regarding proper time to irrigate, frequency of irrigations for 

 different crops, irrigation season ; duty of water ; preparation of land for irri- 

 gation and method of applying water to the land ; farm ditches and structures 



