HORTICULTURE. 341 



The shipments as a whole amounted to about 16,500 cars of which California 

 shipped nearly one-third. Colorado shipped nearly 3,000 cars and Delaware, 

 Indiana, Georgia, and North Carolina about 1,000 cars each. 



What the a^onomy department is doing to help the canner, J. I. Ethee- 

 IDGE (Canner and Dned Fruit Packer, 41 (1915), No. 23, pp. 42, 43). — A sum- 

 marized account is given of work conducted at the Wisconsin Experiment 

 Station and its substations in developing improved strains of canning peas. 



The marking' factor in sunflowers, T. D. A. Cockeeeix (Jour. Heredity, 6 

 (1915), No. 12, pp. 542-545, figs. 2). — In this article the author presents evidence 

 to show that the marliing factors In sunflowers form a quite definite system 

 independent of color characters. 



Report on the statistics of vineyards, orchards and gardens, and root 

 crops for the season 1914r-15, L. H. Sholl (So. Atist. Statis. Dept. Bui. S 

 (1915), pp. 6). — Statistics on the area, production, and value are given for the 

 year 1914-15, together with comparative data for the four previous seasons. 



The self-sterilizing problem, E. J. Kraus (Jour. Heredity, 6 (1915), No. 12, 

 pp. 549-551, figs. 3). — In this paper the author calls attention to a number of 

 unsolved questions with reference to the pollination of fruit, discusses recent 

 progress in the study, and shows the need of distinguishing the various mor- 

 phological and physiological factors entering into the problem. 



Notes on the pollination of orchards, C. H. Hooper (Fruit, Flower, and 

 Veg. Trades' Jour. [London], 28 (1915), Nos. 10, pp. 274, 275; 12, p. 325; 13, 

 p. 343). — As a result of observations made of a large number of orchards dur- 

 ing the season of 1914, the author presents notes on the relative fertility of 

 different varieties of apples, pears, plums, and cherries when grown in prox- 

 imity to certain other varieties as well as their relative failure to mature 

 fruit when isolated. Attention is also called to the behavior of some of these 

 varieties in other countries. 



The transfusion of sap, R. Holmes (Gard. Chron., 3. ser., 58 (1915), No. 

 1498, p. 173; abs. in Agr. News [Barbados], 14 (1915), No. 354, P- 373).— The 

 author calls attention to a case in which a large plantation of one variety of 

 fruit trees failed to fruit. It was found that branches of these trees would 

 fruit freely when artificially pollinated with pollen of another variety. Con- 

 sequently, a graft of the pollinating variety was inserted on the top of each 

 tree for the purpose of insuring the presence of fertile pollen. The operation 

 proved successful in causing the trees to fruit, but since the grafts bore no 

 flowers the author advances the suggestion that the character of producing 

 fertile pollen may be introduced into sterile varieties of fruit trees by trans- 

 fusion of sap. Experiments are being conducted along this line by budding 

 Pond Seedling plum on Greengage trees. 



Protection of orchards against frost by means of American orchard 

 heaters, S. A. Mokezhetskii (Zaslichita Sadov ot Zamorozkov Amerikanskimi 

 Obogri^ vateliami. Simferopol: Salgirskaia Opytnaia Plodovodstvennaicl 

 Stantsiia, 1915, pp. 15, figs. 8). — An account is given of some orchard heating 

 experiments conducted by the Salgir Experimental Horticultural Station, in- 

 cluding the results secured with various American orchard heaters. 



Renovation of the neglected orchard with special reference to the best 

 orchard practice, M. B. Davis (Canada Expt. Farms Bui. 79 (1914), PP- 32, 

 pi. 1, figs. 14). — This bulletin, prepared with special reference to the renovation 

 of old orchards in eastern Canada, discusses the practice and results of dehorn- 

 ing ; thinning out trees, scrapping, cleaning, and tree surgery ; system of culti- 

 vation; cover crops and kinds to use; fertilizing; and spraying and thinning 

 the fruit, including some results secured from spraying and thinning. 



