ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 451 



about 9 days. The larvije are orange-yellow with the last two abdomiual seg- 

 ments dark brown. There is one molt. The second stage when full fed (about 

 24 days from the laying of the egg) descends into the ground to a depth of 

 from 3 to 12 in. The full fed larvie remains in tliis position till the following 

 spring when the two pupal stages are passed through and the adult emerges. 

 There is only one brood each year. 



" The damage is greatest on light soils. No varieties are Immune, but early 

 sown plants are less damaged. A chalcid parasite {Thripoctenus briii) has 

 been recorded from France, but has not been found in England. Artificial con- 

 trol is difficult. Spraying is only of use when the larvae are feeding openly on 

 large pods. Soil fumigation during the winter should give good results, but 

 must be done to a sufficient depth." 



A bibliography of 30 titles is included. 



The harlequin cabbage bug, F. B. Paddock {Texas Sta. Bnl. 179 {1915), pp. 

 3-9, fig. 1). — A popular account with control measures for this enemy of cru- 

 ciferous plants which is present in almost every garden or field in Texas in 

 which cabbage is grown. Attention is called to the fact that its original home 

 was probably in Central America and Mexico, from which it has spi-ead north- 

 ward and is now known to occur to a limited extent as far north as Delaware, 

 Maryland, Indiana, and Colorado. 



The rhododendron lace bug (Leptobyrsa explanata), C. R. Crosky and C. H. 

 Hadley, Je. {Jour. Econ. Ent., 8 {1015), No .J,, pp. JiOD-JfL't, pl 1, figs. (J).— An 

 account of the life history of this insect, together with technical descriptions of 

 its stages. 



Although the leaves of rhododendron are disfigured on the underside along 

 the midrib by brownish scabs which cover the eggs, the greatest injury is caused 

 by the nymphs and adults feeding on the undersurface of the leaf, causing a 

 lighter colored spattered appearance of the upper surface, often with consequent 

 drying and shriveling of the leaves. This insect may be killed by using soap 

 and water spray at the rate of 1 lb. of soap to 10 gal. of water. 



The immature stages of the black apple leafhopper (Idiocerus provan- 

 cheri), M. D. Leoxaed {Jour. Econ. Ent., 8 {1915), No. Jf, pp. /fl5-419, figs. 6).— 

 A brief account of the occurrence and biology of /. provanchcri, together with 

 technical descriptions of its several stages. The feeding of the nymphs on the 

 leaves results in a yellow stippling similar to that caused by the apple leaf- 

 hopper. 



The apple sucker, with notes on the pear sucker, P. R. Awati {Ann. Appl. 

 Biol., 1 {1915), No. 3-4, pp. 2!fi-212, pis. 2, figs. 21).— This is a report of ana- 

 tomical and biological studies of Psglla viali conducted at Acton Lodge, Brent- 

 ford, during the summer of 1913, together with notes on the pear sucker (P. 

 pyricola), and means for the control of these insects. 



Progress of the Sicilian mealy bug parasite, H. S. Smith {Mo. Bui. Com. 

 Hort. Cal, 4 {1915), No. 11, pp. 525-521, fig. 1).—K. new chalcidid parasite of the 

 citrus mealy bug described by Girault, as noted on page 456, as Paraleptomastix 

 abnormis, and introduced into California from Palermo, Sicily, as previously re- 

 ported by Yiereck (E. S. R., 33, p. 658), has been thoroughly colonized in those 

 portions of the State where the citrus mealy bug is abundant. Up to the time 

 of writing 40,000 individuals had been colonized. 



White fly at Marysville, G. P. Weldon (J/o. Bui. Com. Hort. Cal, // {1915), 

 No. 8, pp. 386-388, fig. 1). — Eradication of the citrus white fly {Aleyrocles citri) 

 at Marysville, Cal., has been demonstrated to be impossible under present con- 

 ditions. Spraying experiments conducted with a view to keeping it under con- 

 trol have shown that this can be done through the application of miscible oil, 



