ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 453 



secret of success in the control of the turnip louse is the use of the 45° elbow 

 and an ' angle ' type spray nozzle. By the use of these it is possible to direct the 

 spray on the undersides of the leaves, where the lice feed. The preventive 

 measures against the turnip louse are rotation, proper planting time, trap crops, 

 clean culture, and the destruction of the first colonies." 



Little-known western plant lice, I, ^V. M. Davidson {Jour. Econ. Ent., 8 

 (1915), No. Jf, pp. Jil9-429, pi. 1, figs. 25). — Notes and technical descriptions are 

 presented on Phylloxera salicola, P. popularia, Thecabius populicauUs, Proci- 

 pJiilns froxiiii-dipetalcc, Eticeraphis gillcttei n. sp., Eucalliptcrus flavus, Myso- 

 callis pasaniw n. sp., and Macrosiphum heucherce. 



Notes on a scale insect attacking cacao in Uganda, C. C. Gowdey (Ann. 

 Appl. Biol., 1 (,1915), No. 3-4, pp. 399-402, fig. 1). — Stictococcus dimorphus is 

 said to be an important pest in Uganda through its infestation of the pods and 

 the stems of the pods of cacao. Results of spraying experiments conducted led 

 to the recommendation that whale-oil soap or soft soap kerosene emulsion be 

 applied. 



The butterflies of Australia, G. A. Watebhouse and G. Lyell (Sydney: 

 Angus tC- Robertson, Ltd., 1914, pp. VI+2G2, pis. 44, figs. 48). — A monograph of 

 the Australian Rhopalocera, introducing a complete scheme of structural classi- 

 fication and giving descriptions and illustrations of all the butterflies found in 

 Australia, including a number now recorded for the first time. 



Notes on three species of Heliophila which, injure cereal and f crag's crops 

 at Brownsville, Texas, R. A. Vickeky (Jour. Econ. Ent., 8 (1915), No. 4< PP- 

 389-392). — Thi'ee species of this genus have been found to injure cereal and 

 forage crops in southern Texas, namely, Heliophila subpunctata, H. unipuncta, 

 and H. muUilinea. 



A key to the cutworms affecting tobacco, S. E. Crumb (Jour. Econ. Ent., 8 

 (1915), No. 4, pp. 392-^96, figs. 12). — A table is presented, accompanied by illus- 

 trations of cutworm structures, for the identification of the cutworms known to 

 affect tobacco in the United States. 



The mosquitoes of North and Central America and the West Indies, L. O. 

 Howard, H. G. Dyak, and F. Knab (Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub. 159 (1915), 

 vol. 3, pt. 1, pp. VI+523). — This, the first of two parts of volume 3 of the work 

 previously noted (E. S. R., 29, p. 357), consists of systematic descriptions of 

 the mosquitoes of North America, Central America, and the West Indies. Ac- 

 counts of the genera and species are preceded by a historical sketch of the classi- 

 fication of mosquitoes, an outline of the geographical area covered, a statement 

 of some of the characters used in the tables, etc. Under each species the au- 

 thors give the synonymy, the original description, descriptions of the male, 

 female, and larva when known, the distribution, and what is known of the life 

 history and habits. 



Some pioneers in mosquito sanitation and other mosquito work, L. O. How- 

 ard (Pop. Sci. Mo., S7 (1915), Nos. 1, pp. 65-77, figs. 12; 2, pp. 169-180, figs. 

 12). — This discussion, which is supplementary to the work on mosquitoes above 

 noted, presents half-tones and brief accounts of 24 of the more prominent work- 

 ers in this field. 



An attempt to measure the local and seasonal abundance of the swede 

 midge in parts of Yorkshire over the years 1912 to 1914, F. W. Dry (Ann. 

 Appl. Biol., 2 (1915), No. 1, pp. 81-108, pi. 1, figs. 7).— The author found the 

 swede midge to be present in 1912, 1913, and 1914, both at Garforth in the West 

 Riding of Yorkshire and in all parts of the area in which he worked in the East 

 Riding. 



