VETEEIITARY MEDICINE. 677 



obtained. Large doses of avirulent cultures are used rather than smaller doses 

 of more virulent micro-organisms. The precipito-reaction reveals the presence 

 of anthrax protoplasm in the extract of the organs (spleen, lungs, liver, kidneys, 

 suprarenals, and intestine) in the blood, edematous fluid, etc. Putrefaction in no 

 way affects the precipitin reaction, absolute positive results having been 

 obtained by the author in material 16 months old. A thermo-precipitin method 

 which is very rapid and delicate has been developed. 



Foot-and-niouth disease with special reference to the outbreak of 1914—15, 

 J. R. MoHLER (Jour. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc, J,8 {1915), Nos. 3, pp. 273-285; 4, 

 pp. 402-419; 5, pp. 532-552). — A paper presented at the annual meeting of the 

 American Veterinary Medical Association at Oakland, Cal., September, 1915, 

 in which the author deals with the source and history of the infection, methods 

 of eradication, detailed measures to be adopted, and the occurrence of the dis- 

 ease in foreign countries, including a synopsis of the disease in Europe during 

 the past five years in tabular form. An abstract of the discussion which fol- 

 lowed is appended. 



The mallein oplithalmic test in glanders, J. ScHNiJRER (Monatsh. Prakt. 

 Tierhcilk., 26 (1914), No. 8-4, pp. 97-108; abs. in Jour. Amer. Vet. Assoc., 48 

 {1915), No. 3, pp. 332-334). — The methods of diagnosis and extermination of 

 glanders are considered together with some statistical data. 



It is concluded that a glanders epizootic may be eradicated by killing clini- 

 cally sick horses and by diagnostic examination of horses found to be ailing. 

 Inmiunization treatment is at least superfluous. The most practical method 

 of diagnosis is considered to be one which gives reliable results in a compara- 

 tively short time, even in the hands of those not specially trained, as well as 

 one which is simple to perform, easy to form a judgment on, which lends itself 

 to mass examination, and which at the same time is comparatively cheap. 

 The serological methods (agglutination, complement fixation, precipitation, con- 

 glutination, and Abderhalden and anaphylaxis reactions) do not fulfill these 

 requirements, either alone or in combination. The conditions, however, are 

 met by the mallein ophthalmic test, which is performed by applying a reliable 

 concentrated mallein with a brush, cotton pledget, glass rod, or soiue similar 

 jippliance, but not by dropping with either a pipette or dropping bottle. The 

 conjunctival test does not interfere with the agglutination reaction. Should 

 the serological reaction fail to lead to a rapid decision the classical subcutaneous 

 reaction with a standardized mallein is recommended. 



The diagnostic failures with the mallein ophthalmic test and the subcutaneous 

 reaction of healthy horses are attributed, to a great extent, to a hypersensitive- 

 ness toward mallein, due to an existing glanders infection. In such cases the 

 body temperature should be considered befoi*e and several days after the 

 inoculation. 



It is not deemed justifiable to kill horses which have reacted positively in 

 only the mallein test or to the agglutination reaction, and which otherwise 

 exhibit no clinical disturbances. Such horses are, in all probability, not infected. 



The recognition of healthy horses which have received a subcutaneous 

 injection of mallein, Kranich {Ztschr. Veterindrk., 27 {1915), No. 12, pp. 353- 

 358). — It is considered difficult to recognize, by any simple and satisfactory 

 method, healthy animals which have received a subcutaneous injection of mal- 

 lein. The matter is simplified for the veterinarian, however, by determining 

 the district from which the animal came, by obtaining a fall in the complement 

 reaction, and by securing repeated negative ophthalmic tests. 



A bacteriological study of tuberculosis of the lymph glands in children, 

 A. P. Mitchell {Edinh. Med. Jour., n. ser., 13 {1914), A'o- 3, pp. 209-215; abs. in 



