VETERINARY MEDICINE. 681 



is more injurious to tricliinse than a temperature of 15°, but, like tlie latter, its 

 effects are iincertain, although meat exposed to it for 14 days or longer has 

 generally failed to produce infestation, or if infestation resulted it was slight. 

 No infestation has been produced by trichinous meat exposed to a temperature 

 of about 10° for 20 days or longer. 



"Apparently in the neighborhood of 10° a critical point is reached below 

 which the effects of cold upon trichinae become suddenly much more pronounced. 

 Temperatures of 5° or lower profoundly affect the vitality of trichinse. Only 

 a very small proportion survive an exposure of more than five days, and these 

 are so seriously affected that infections are very unlikely to result. Slight 

 infections, however, have resulted from meat exposed to a temperature of — 9 

 to 0° for 10 days. ... 



"Trichinse vary in their resistance to cold, and some individuals survive re- 

 frigeration longer and at lower temperatures than others. . . . The vitality of 

 trichinse which survive refrigeration does not decrease noticeably during a 

 period of at least a week after the thawing of the meat. . . . 



"In the practical application of refrigeration as a means of destroying the 

 vitality of trichinse, meat should be refrigerated at a temperature not higher 

 than 5° for not less than 20 days, a period which allows a probable margin of 

 safety of nearly 10 days. The employment of higher temperatures of refriger- 

 ation as a means of destroying the vitality of trichinse is not justified in the 

 light of our present knowledge because of the uncertainty of the effects of such 

 temperatures. Whether temperatures higher than 5° may be safely employed 

 by lengthening the period of refrigeration remains to be determined." 



A disease resembling " forag'e poisoning " in horses and mules, wherein 

 oat hay incorporated the primary factor, R. Graham, L. R. HiiiMELBERGER, 

 and R. L. Pontius (Jour. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc, 48 {1916), No. 5, pp. 514-590, 

 fig. 1). — ^A detailed account of investigations substantially noted from another 

 source (E. S. R., 33, p. 880). 



"The oat hay responsible for this disease, though apparently clean, was later 

 found to be contaminated with the excreta of chickens, which on being fed 

 disguised in wholesome feed resulted fatally. Up to this time, however, we 

 have not been able to isolate the causative factor of the disease occui'ring as a 

 result of feeding this particular lot of oat hay, nor have we been able to show 

 that oat hay from other sources produces ' forage poisoning ' in horses and 

 mules." 



The present knowledge of the cause of pectoral influenza of the horse, 

 E. GKAtJB {^chiceiz. Arcliiv Tierheilk., 57 (1915), Nos. 8, pp. 392-402; 9, pp. 449- 

 457). — A review of the literature. 



Pernicious anemia of the horse, E. Wyssmann (Schiveiz. Arch. Tierheilk., 

 57 (1915), No. 9, pp. 427-449; abs. in Trop. Yet. Bui., 3 (1915), No. 4, pp. 149, 

 150). — In the introduction the author reviews the literature relating to this 

 disease, and calls attention to the theory of causation as set forth by the Sey- 

 derhelms in the work pi*eviously noted (E. S. R., 33, p. 681). 



The author has observed 125 cases of anemia in horses, of which 44 were 

 of a pernicious character, and the remaining cases a secondary condition. He 

 found that in 50 per cent of the cases the animals were under seven years of 

 age. In acute cases the hemoglobin content of the blood was from 30 to 55 per 

 cent of the normal, whereas in cases of longer standing it was as low as 15 

 per cent. In his opinion the prognosis is not so unfavorable as many observers 

 consider it. Of his 44 cases, 25 died, 5 improved, 11 were cured, and 3 were 

 lost sight of. He thinks there is a chance for improvement while the hemo- 

 globin content does not fall below 40 to 55 per cent of the normal. The sub- 

 cutaneous injection of a 10 per cent watery solution of atoxyl is recommended, 



