HORTICULTURE. 533 



Colonial plants. — Alimentary and medicinal plants, H. Jumelle (Les 

 Cultures ColonUiles. Plantes Alimentaires et Plantes M^dicinales. Paris: J. B. 

 Bailliere d So7i, 1915, rev. and enl. ed., pp. 108-\-122+127-}-120+III, figs. U2).— 

 In the present edition of this work (E. S. li., 31, p. 235) the subject matter, 

 in addition to being revised and enlarged, lias been combined in one volume. 



Fruit growing. — I, Planting and grafting; II, Pruning of fruit trees, P. 

 Passy (Aboricultitre Fruitkrc. — /, Plantation ct Grcffage; II, Taille dcs Arbcs 

 Fruitiers. Paris: J. B. Bailliere & Son, 1915, rev. and enl. eds., vols. 1, pp. 108, 

 figs. 46; 2, pp. 100, figs. 61). — These are the first two of a series of six volumes 

 which are to comprise, as a whole, a treatise on fruit growing. 



Volume 1 is divided into two parts, the first of which deals with nursery 

 practices and the location and establishment of various types of fruit gardens 

 and plantations, and the second talies up in detail the principles and technique 

 of gi'afting. In volume 2, part 1 deals with the principles and teciinique of 

 pruning, and part 2 discusses methods of pruning and training the trees into 

 various forms and sliapes. 



Propagation of fruit trees and shrubs, A. Z. Salvadokes {Bol. Mill. Agr. 

 [Buenos Aires'^, 19 (1915), No. 8-9, pp. 577-620, figs. 34).— A popular treatise 

 on methods of plant propagation with special reference to fruit trees, vines, 

 and shrubs. 



The summer pruning of a young bearing apple orchard, L. D. Batcheloe 

 and W. D. Goodspeed (Utah Sta. Bui. 140 (1915), pp. 3-14, figs. 2).— The results 

 for four seasons are given on summer-pruning experiments with apples which 

 were started during the summer of 1911. The work was conducted witli 

 5-year-old Jonathan and Gano trees growing on a rich sandy loam, free from 

 seepage in a semiarid climate, with an abundance of irrigation water available. 

 The Ganos had already borne one crop and the Jonathans came into bearing 

 in 1911. Six Jonathan and 8 Gano trees were included in each of 9 plats. 



On the typical winter-pruned plat the trees were pruned in February or 

 March, cutting out the cross limbs, crotches, opening up the center, and thin- 

 ning out the bearing wood of the tree. No limbs were headed back and no prun- 

 ing was done at any other season. All plats except the check received this 

 winter pruning. Additional treatment of the several plats included removing 

 suckers from the center of the tree from time to time during the summer, cut- 

 ting back the excessive growth in the top of the tree to lateral outside limbs 

 with the view of developing the spreading habit, removing the suckers and 

 opening up the dense growth of the tree during the third week in June, and 

 treatments similar to this during the first week in July, the third week in July, 

 the first week in August, and the third weelc in August, respectively. One 

 plat was left unpruned as a check. Data are given and discussed showing the 

 distribution of twig growth throughout the season and the total growth, as 

 well as the average yield of the trees, under different methods of pruning. 



Apple trees which were pruned to induce a spreading habit by cutting back 

 the terminal growth to lateral branches produced a greater annual twig growth 

 than trees without the terminal growth removed, but otherwise similarly pruned. 

 Trees pruned both in the dormant period and in summer produced a greater 

 annual twig growth than trees pruned during the dormant period only. Trees 

 pruned during the dormant period produced a gi-eater total twig growth than 

 the unpruned trees. Although rubbing the water shoots out of the center of 

 the tree from time to time during the summer had practically no influence on 

 crop yield, the shoots are much more readily and cheaply removed at this time 

 than during the dormant period. Trees on which it was attempted to change 

 the form from upright to spreading yielded less than the trees which were 

 allowed to assume their natural upright growth. 



