FORESTRY. 537 



Notes on succession from pine to oak, B. Mooke {Bot. Gaz., 61 (1916), No. 1, 

 pp. 59-66). — In this paper the author presents observations on the pine and oak 

 woods of Long Island with special reference to the succession of pine stands 

 by oak stands. As a result of this study he concludes in brief that the problem 

 of succession, so far as pine and oak are concerned, involves so many factors, 

 such as previous history of the region, the surrounding vegetation, and the soil 

 and moisture conditions, that the deductions for one locality may be wholly 

 misleading when applied to another locality only a few miles distant. 



Nitrog'en manuring experiments with 2- and 4-year-old pines, Siefert and 

 Helbig (Forstw. Centhl. n. set:, 37 (1915), Nos. 2, pp. S3-92; 3, pp. 126-139).— 

 Data are given on a number of experiments conducted in the forest nursery at 

 Karlsruhe and in open plantings in which various nitrogen fertilizers were 

 used with and without the addition of phosphoric acid and potash. 



Examination of the correlation between the evaporation of a pine and the 

 evaporimeter of Wild, A. P. Tolskii (Trudy Liesn. .Opijtn. Dielu. Ross., Ifl 

 (1913); abs. in Zhur. Opytn. Agron. (Russ.' Jonr. Expt. Landic), 15 (1914), 

 No. 1, pp. 101, 108). — In the summer of 1911 parallel observations were made 

 at the meteorological station of the Borov Experiment Forest (Government of 

 Samara) on the evaporimeter of Wild and on the evaporation of a 3-year-old 

 pine transplanted the previous year into a zinc vessel with a tight-fitting cover 

 and provided with a tube for rewatering. 



The observations show that evaporation from the pine and that of the evap- 

 orimeter were affected by temperature, solar radiation, humidity of the air, and 

 the force of the wind. During the development of young shoots evaporation 

 from the pine did not correspond to the indications of the evaporimeter, par- 

 ticularly in May and June, when the maximum growth in young shoots and 

 needles was taking place, thus indicating a dominating influence of physio- 

 logical factors over meteorological factors. The greatest evaporation in th« 

 pine took place during the morning hours and from the evaporimeter in the 

 afternoon hours. , 



Recent tapping results with Hevea brasiliensis, A. W. K. de Jong (Teys- 

 mannia, 26 (1915), No. 8-9, pp. 502-510). — A series of daily and alternate-day 

 tapping experiments were conducted with a number of Hevea rubber trees, 

 the Fickendey process of tapping, which is supposed to increase the yield of 

 latex, being compared with the usual method of tapping over a 6-month period. 

 The Fickendey process consists in brief in the monthly removal of a 3-cm. 

 strip of the cork layer just under the cut. A specially constructed knife is 

 used for this purpose. 



The results as a whole indicate that removing the cork layer tends to stimu- 

 late the latex flow in the earlier tappings, but that this effect decreases as 

 the tapping continues and results in a smaller total yield over the whole tap- 

 ping period than with the usual method of tappi^ig. 



Timber, from the forest to its use in commerce, AV. Bullock (London and 

 New York: Sir Isaac Pitman c6 Sons, Ltd. [1915], pp. /X-fi//9, figs. i6).— This 

 comprises popular descriptive accounts of the timbers Avhich are at the present 

 time dealt with in ordinary commerce. The information given deals with the 

 origin of the timber, its characteristics, commercial importance, and uses. 



Notes upon the distribution of forest trees in Indiana, S. Coultee (Proa. 

 Ind. Acad. Sci., 1914, pp. 167-177). — This paper discusses the range and dis- 

 tribution of various forest trees in different parts of Indiana. 



An annotated reference list of the more common trees and shrubs of the 

 Konahuanui region, V. MacCaughey (Hawaii. Forester and Agr., 13 (1916), 

 No. 1, pp. 28-3-'f)- — The list here given is said to include all of the commoner 



31501°— No. 6—16 4 



