ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 



667 



Substitutes for milk in the rearing of dairy calves, J. B. Lindsey (Massa- 

 chusetts Sta. Bui. 164 (lOio), pp. 49-65, pis. 5). — These pages contain results 

 of observations covering a series of years in the raising of calves for dairy 

 purposes. A description is given of the method followed and the cost of raising 

 calves to six or eight months of age on skim milk, ordinary grains, and hays ; 

 also the testing of several proprietary calf meals as milk substitutes and of 

 several homemade calf meal preparations. The following table summarizes 

 the results of these experiments: 



Summanj of calf-feeding experiments with milk substitutes. 



Kind of ration. 



Number 

 of calves. 



Days 



in 

 trial. 



Daily 

 gain. 



Total 

 food 

 cost. 



Cost of 

 food per 

 pound 

 of gain. 



Skim milk in large supply, ordinary grains, and hay. 



Skim milk and Hayward's calf meal 



Skim milk, Schumacher's calf meal 



Skim milk and Blatchford's calf meal 



Whole and skim milk and Bibby's cream equivalent 



Whole and skim milk and Lindsey's meal I 



Whole and skim milk and Lindsey's meal II 



Whole and skim milk and Lindsey's meal III 



Whole and sk im milk and Lindsey 's meal IV 



Whole and skim milk and Lindsey's meal V 



Whole and skim milk and Lindsey's meal VI 



235 

 173 

 150 



148 

 147 

 183 

 148 

 148 

 164 

 157 



Lbs. 

 1.22 

 1.23 

 1.00 

 1.15 

 1.21 

 .97 

 1.04 

 1.70 

 L50 

 L25 

 L35 



S22.08 

 20.44 

 12.27 



13.08 

 14.54 

 14.68 

 15.24 

 14.49 

 15.12 

 16.54 



Cents. 



7.7 

 9.6 



8.2 



7.5 

 10.4 

 7.6 

 6.1 

 6.5 

 7.6 

 7.6 



Hayward's calf meal was composed of finely ground wheat, coconut meal, 

 Nutrium, linseed meal, and blood flour (E. S. R., 14, p. 479). The calf meals 

 prepared by the author were of the following compositions : No, 1, fine corn 

 meal, flour middlings, flaxseed meal, cheap flour, glucose sugar, and salt 

 10 : 10 : 15 : 10 : 5 : 1 ; No. 2, ground oat flakes, flax.seed meal, cheap flour, glucose 

 sugar, and salt 25 : 1.5 : 8 : 2 : 1 ; No. 3, fine corn meal, flour middlings, flaxseed 

 meal, cheap flour, glucose sugar, and salt 8 : 10 : 14.5 : 10 : 7 : 0.5 ; No. 4, fine corn 

 meal, flour middlings, flaxseed meal, cheap flour, and salt 10 : 10 : 14.5 : 15 : 0.5 ; 

 No. 5, ground oat flakes, flaxseed meal, flour middlings, fine corn meal, pre- 

 pared blood flour, and salt 22 : 10 : 5 : 11 : 1.5 : 05 ; No. 6, ground oat flakes, barley 

 malt, blood flour, bicarbonate of potash, and salt 35 : 12.5 : 1.5 : 0.5 : 0.5. 



In general the results indicate that calf meals may be purchased or pre- 

 pared that will take the place of a considerable amount of whole or skim milk 

 and not interfere with the normal growth of the calf. It is suggested that 

 it is not advisable to attempt to rear the calves during the first four months 

 without the daily use of from 3 to 5 qt. of skim milk. A too early attempt 

 to accustom the calf to an exclusive diet of calf meal is likely to produce 

 digestive disturbances that may affect the health of the animal in after life. 

 It was found that Holsteiu and Ayrshire calves are, as a rule, better able to 

 utilize prepared feeds than are the Jersey and Guernsey. 



Analyses of the various calf meals are given. 



Sheep feeding- experiment, A. D. Faville [Wyoming Sta. Bui. 109 (1915), 

 pp. 45-59). — Four lots of 25 lambs each were fed 112 days, lot 1 receiving 

 shelled Corn, alfalfa, and oat and pea silage; lot 2, shelled corn and alfalfa; 

 lot 3, alfalfa and silage ; and lot 4, whole barley, alfalfa, and silage. They made 

 average daily gains per head of 0.25, 0.27, 0.17, and 0.23 lb., lot 1 requiring 1.91 

 lbs. of grain, 7.3 lbs. of alfalfa, and 2.84 lbs. of silage ; lot 2, 1.76 lbs. of grain 

 ' and 8.54 lbs. of alfalfa ; lot 3, 13.76 lbs. of grain and 4.39 lbs. of silage, and 

 lot 4, 2.09 lbs. of grain, 8.02 lbs. of alfalfa, and 3.12 lbs. of silage per pound of 

 gain, and costing 7.33, 7.32, 9.13, 8.04 cts. per pound of gain for the respective 



