690 EXPERIMENT STATION KECOED. 



Investigation of the use of land in common in Bavaria, A. Weiss {Landtc. 

 Jahrb. Bayeni, 3 (1913), Xo. 9, pp. 381-483, pis. S).— This article contains data 

 as to the history, present status, and value of the land held in common, and dis- 

 cusses the present practices and methods of organizing the land to produce the 

 greatest net returns. 



Agricultural labor and wages in western India, G. F. Keatinge {Agr. 

 Jour. India, 10 (1915), Xo. 3, pp. 231-236) .—Tho autlior states that the Deccan 

 peasant has been accustomed to periods of enforced idleness and the conditions 

 of intermittent labor, which produce a condition of apathy and helplessness 

 which acquires the rigidity of a race characteristic. He considers it probable 

 that the rising standard of living and the increasetl facilities for ot^tainiug 

 remunerative labor will in the future do much to correct this. His article cites 

 instances of how this change is taking place. 



Rural credits (Fruit (nid Prod. Marketer, 6 (1915), Xo. S3, p. i3).— This is 

 an abstract of an address by Dr. Elwood Mead, of the University of California, 

 delivered before the National Conference on Marlieting and Farm Credits. Tlie 

 speaker outlined briefly the system of credit adopted in Australia and New 

 Zealand, and suggested that it may be applicable to conditions in the Western 

 States in preference to the systems commonly found in European countries. 



Direct dealing between producer and consumer (U. S. Senate, 64- Cong., 1. 

 Sess., Doc. 2.'i0, pp. 39). — This dotunient contains a series of hearings relating 

 to direct dealing between jiroducors and consumers through the parcel-post 

 service by employing mail order methods. 



Cooperative societies connected with wine making in middle France, L. 

 Mandeville (Etude sur Ics Soeietcf: Cooperatirci de Vinijication dii Midi dc la 

 France. Thesis, Univ. Toulouse, 191.'/, pp. 222, pis. 2). — The author points out 

 the economic and technical motives that were the primary cause of establish- 

 ing cooperative wine cellars. I5y cooperation the producers were able to obtain 

 satisfactory credit and market their produce to a greater advantage. Sup- 

 plementary data are given showing the number of societies and the extent of 

 business and recent laws relating to cooperative agricultural organizations. A 

 brief bibliography is appended. 



Monthly crop report ( ('. S. Dept. Agr., Mo. Crop. Kpt., 2 (1916), Xo. 1, pp. 

 12, figs. 3). — In this number are given the final estimates as to the number of 

 live stock in the United States. Compared with January 1, 1915, the following 

 changes are indicated : 



"In numbers, horses have decreased 29,000; mules increased 86,000; milch 

 cows increased 726,000; other cattle increased 2,386,000; sheep decreasetl 

 794.000; swine increased 3,429,0(M). In average value per head, horses de- 

 creased $1.73 ; mules increased .$l.,"il ; milch cows decreased .$1.43 ; other cattle 

 increased .$0.11; .sheep increa.sed .$0.07; swine decreased .$1.47. In total value, 

 horses decreased $39,034,000; mules increased $16,553,000; milch cows in- 

 creased .$8,781,000; other cattle increased .$83,759,000; sheep increased $29,061,- 

 000; and swine decreased $65,589,000. The total value on January 1. 1916, 

 of all animals enumerated was $6,0<12,784.000, as compared with $5.909,2.53,000 

 on January 1, 1915, an increase of $33,.531.000. or 0.6 per cent." 



It is estimated that the total production of milk in the United States in 

 1915 was about •11,590,000,000 gal. The average per capita production is esti- 

 mated at 115 gal. varying as follows: In the North Atlantic States 71 gal., in 

 the South Atlantic States Or. gal., in the North Central States 188 gal., in the 

 South Central States 88 gal,, and in the far Western States 131 gal. The 

 average yields of milk per cow for the year are estimated at 584 gal., 463 gal., 

 560 gal., 431 gal., and 015 gal., respectively, or an average of 537 gal. 



