738 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



The results of spraying Bartlett pears for the codling moth indicate that 

 it can be successfully controlled with four sprayings. The observations of 

 the station continue to show that a larger percentage of the fruit is stung in 

 places other than the calyx end. A preliminary test as to the keeping quality 

 of Bartlett pears is also noted. 



[Report of the] department of horticulture, C. C. Vincent (Idaho Sta. Bui. 

 84 {1015), jjp. 21-26). — In this brief progress report on horticultural investiga- 

 tions for the year, lists of apple crosses made for the 6-year period, 1910 to 

 1915, are included. 



A pruning experiment which has been conducted to determine the relative 

 merits of summer v. winter pruning of apple trees has shown for a 4-year 

 period an increased yield in favor of summer pruning. The increase ranged 

 from 1.6 per cent in the case of Rome Beauty trees to 111 per cent in the case 

 of Wagener trees. Higher colored fruit was also secured in the summer pruned 

 plats. 



Dusting and spraying experiments with apples, D. Reddick and C. R. 

 Crosby (New York Cornell Sta. Bui. 369 (1916), pp. 309-356, pis. J,, •firju. 9).— 

 The experiments herein reported were undertaken during the 191.5 season for 

 the purpose of confirming the results of previous experiments by the authors 

 and by Blodgett (E. S. R., 32, p. 836). Spraying experiments were conducted 

 in five orchards in different sections of western New York. Comparisons were 

 made of the various dusted plats with plats of trees treated with the stand- 

 ard spray materials, lime-sulphur solution and lead arsenate, and with a plat 

 of trees that received no summer treatment. Details as to quantities of ma- 

 terials iised, dates of application and conditions influencing the same, time 

 required, comparative costs, and results are given in connection with the indi- 

 vidual experiments. 



The previous work indicatetl that satisfactory insect control could be so- 

 cured with a dust mixture containing 90 per cent sulphur and 10 per cent of 

 arsenate of lead. This result was confirmed in the present experiments. As 

 a general formula for use in western New York under average western New 

 York conditions, however, the authors recommend a mixture containing 85 per 

 cent of exceedingly finely ground sulphur and 15 per cent of powderotl arsenate 

 of lead applied in amounts of from 1.25 to 2.5 lbs. per tree in each application. 

 The experiments indicate that 15 oz. of finely ground sulphur applitnl per tree 

 in each application will give effective control of the scab disease and of sooty 

 blotch. So far as can be determined the sulphur can be applied directly in 

 this amount. The results in one experiment, however, indicate that the use of 

 a filler allows for better distribution. Terra alba, or finely p-ound gj-psum, 

 used in equal parts with sulphur is a satisfactory filler. 



In some of the experiments a number of substances were added to the dust 

 mixtures to determine whether their destructive properties could be increasiMl 

 thereby. These substances included hydrated lime, finely ground gjpsum or 

 terra alba, finely powdered soap, and casein and lime. The dust mixtures were 

 apparently not improveil by any of the diluents used. 



As in the previous work the experiments show that powdered sulphur ap- 

 plied dry does not adhere as well as sulphur applied in liquid form as in lime- 

 sulphur solution, or as the very fine sulphur precipitated from the solution on 

 the addition of arsenate of lead or an acid substance. In every case but one in 

 which scab was a factor the percentage of scab on the dusted plats was 

 greater than on the sprayed plats, although in some cases the difference was 

 slight. 



Summing lip the station's dusting experiments iVi a whole the authors con- 

 clude that a mixture of an insecticide and a fungicide can be applied in 



