694 EXPERIMENT STATION EECOKD. 



when the yield is good and the tenant rualies a good return tlie rate of interest 

 sometimes rises to more than three times that amount. 



The principal factor in determining the amount of the tenant's labor income 

 and the rate of the landlord's profits in this region is the yield of cotton per 

 acre. The relationship between yield of cotton and labor income, however, is 

 much closer on cash renters' farms than on those of share croppers, while the 

 effect of yield on the landlord's profits is more apparent under the share crop- 

 ping than under the share renting or the cash renting system. The tenant's 

 incentive for securing a good crop is consequently greater among those who 

 rent for ca.sh, but on the other hand, the landlord is more directly interested in 

 the magnitude of the yield per acre on the land of his share croppers. 



Federal land grants to the States, with, special reference to Minnesota, 

 M. N. Orfield (Univ. Minn., Studies Soc. Sci., Ko. 2 {1915), pp. T+.?7o).— This 

 volume begins with a discussion of the land grants of the early New England 

 colonies and traces the movement up to the present time. The larger part of the 

 volume, however, is devoted to the administration of the public lands in Minne- 

 sota. An extensive bibliography is appended. 



Reorganization of agricultural lands in Bavaria, Schreineb {Landic. Jahrb. 

 Bayern, 4 (191.'i), Ko. 1, pp. oOS-'i). — There is discussed in this article the pres- 

 ent distribution of the agi'icultural lands and its influence upon the agriculture, 

 the neces.sity for a further reorganization, the cost of redistributing, and its 

 presumable influence upon the agriculture and social life of the community. 



Land settlement after the war, C. Tuk.nok {Jour. Farmers' Club [London], 

 1915. Dee., pp. 102-108). — Tlie author states that the British Empire embraces 

 one-fourth of the land surface of the globe, yet the white agricultural population 

 of the whole Empire, that is to say all the men and women living on or by the 

 land, amounts to only 13,400,000, while Germany has an agricultural population 

 of over 20,000,000. In conclusion he points out that since the Empire stands in 

 such great need of agriculturists, the Government should take the necessary 

 measures to induce a larger proportion of the rising generation to go in for a 

 career on the land, and in cooperation with the Dominion governments devLse a 

 great system of settlement to achieve this end. 



Population — a study in Malthusiauism, W. S. Thompson {Xcw York: 

 Author, 1915, pp. 217). — The author states that he does not agree with the com- 

 monly accepted interpretation of the Malthusian theory. He claims that Mal- 

 thus laid down three propositions: "(1) Population is necessarily limited by 

 the means of subsistence; (2) population invariably increa.ses where the means 

 of subsistence increase, unless prevented by some very powerful and obvious 

 checks; and (3) these checks, and the checks which repress the superior power 

 of population, and keep its effects on a level with the means of subsistence, are 

 all resolvable into moral restraint, vice, and misery." 



From the author's study of the food supply in its relation to the population 

 in the United States and a number of important European countries, he con- 

 cludes that Malthus was essentially correct in his statement of the law of 

 population. In the individual countries the population increases as the food 

 increases. For a majority of the people of the western world the pressure upon 

 the means of subsistence is the determining factor in the size of the family. 



Another conclusion is that the population can not continue to increase at its 

 present rate without being more and more subjected to the actual want of 

 food, provided the distribution of labor between agriculture and the non- 

 agricultural industries continues in its present trend, nor can a greater and 

 greater proportion of the population be devoted to agi'iculture and the present 

 rate of increase continue without cliecking the progressive standard of living. 

 Therefore, either our present standard of living must be simplified as an in- 



