RURAL ECONOMICS. 791 



slightly revised and brought up to date by the use of more recent data furnished 

 by the 1910 Census. 



Germany's food supply, W. J. Ashley (Quart. Rev., 221f {1915) No. 44^, PP' 

 JfJfJf-JfGZ) . — This article points out the source of various products going to make 

 up Germany's food supply, and the influence of the war in changing tlie quan- 

 tity of the products. The author believes the effect will have a greater in- 

 fluence upon the supply of live stock, and therefore on the meat and dairy 

 products, than upon otlier agricultural products, since the larger proportion 

 of the ci'ops will be consumed direct without being transformed into milk or 

 meat. 



Permanent agriculture and social welfare, T. F. Hunt {TJ. S. Senate, 64- 

 Cong., 1. Sess., Doc. 239, pp. 8). — Tliis address, delivered in 1915 before the 

 National Association of Real Estate Exchanges at Los Angeles, and before 

 the Farm Management Association at the University of California, presents 

 the following propositions : 



(1) American farms must be recapitalized at least three times in a cen- 

 turj-. (2) The open country can not afford to support numerous social, re- 

 ligious, or racial divisions. (3) The country population of one generation 

 determines the character of the city population in the next generation. (4) 

 Land credit, popularly known as rural credit, is a means of creating a per- 

 manent agriculture by putting farm mortgages on an investment basis. 



The author also states that farming is the one great industrial occupation 

 in the United States where children are of economic advantage and that 

 training which children obtain in thus contributing to the family income is a 

 factor of great importance to society. In the long run it is of no particular 

 advantage to any person to own a farm unless he intends to raise thereon a 

 successful family. With these propositions as a basis he argues that there 

 should be established a type of rural credit that will tend toward a great 

 stability in the rural population through enabling the young men with but small 

 means to purchase a farm and to pay for it through a long series of years. 



Grain farming in the com belt with live stock as a side line, C. Veooman 

 (U. S. Dept. Afjr., Farmers' Bid. 704 (1916), pp. JfS, figs. 5).— The author, vsrit- 

 ing from the standpoint of the farmer farming for a living, states that to 

 make a money-maker of a farm that has become a losing proposition through 

 steady gi-ain farming, in addition to raising standard grain crops it is necessary 

 to grow legumes, raise live stock as a side line, keep accounts of receipts and 

 expenditures, " mix horse sense with scientific agriculture, thus adapting the 

 new methods to changes in market, weather, and other conditions," try to 

 secure enough capital, pursue a consistent policy, confer with the county agent, 

 and study other available information. 



Specific suggestions along these lines are given. 



Chemung County, an account of its agriculture and of its farm bvireau, 

 M. E. Chubbuck and G. P. Scoville (Farm Burs. N. Y. Circ. 7 {1915), pp. 38, 

 pis. Jf, figs. 2). — This circular in the main consists of a report of the farm 

 management surveys made by the county agent. The farms have been divided 

 into two classes, called the hill and valley farms, and the data gathered ex- 

 tend over several years. 



The authors conclude that neither the size of business, crop yields, quality 

 of live stock, nor diversity of business, alone, is the determining condition 

 in the success of a farm. Size is perhaps the most important factor, but a 

 large business conducted without attention to qiiality of live stock or diversity 

 of enterprises may result in a loss. 



The requirements suggested as necessary for a farm to be as good or better 

 than the average in the county are. for a hill farm, 380 imits of size. 26 per 



