RUKAL ECONOMICS. 289 



and compares it with conditions in other States. He also describes the work 

 of the different divisions of the North Carolina Department of Agriculture to 

 improve agricultural conditions within the State. 



Keport of the Rural Credits Comm.ission {Salem, Oreg.: State, 1915, pp. 

 35). — In this report to the twenty-eighth Legislative Assembly of Oregon a brief 

 description is given of the various types of cooperative organizations, such as 

 the Rochdale societies of Great Britain, the Raiffeisen and Schulze-Delitzsch 

 in Germany, the breeding and marketing organizations of Denmark, and the 

 Irish Agricultural Organization Society. Recommendation is made that a 

 national Landschaften or mortgage credit system be established for furnishing 

 short-term loans to farmers, that the States pass laws for the organization of 

 cooperative societies and that there be a state federation of farmers' organi- 

 zations, state control of live-stock breeding, and a simplification of land regis- 

 tration. 



How debtors and creditors may cooperate {Saskatchewan Dept. Agr. 

 [Pamphlet], 1915, Aug. 1, pp. Jf). — In determining what claims should be paid 

 first, the following are considered as preferred — operating expenses, such as 

 wages, thrashing, taxes, groceries, twine, rent, blacksmithing, and repairs ; 

 bank loans ; and interest on mortgages ; and the following as ordinary claims — 

 land, lumber, machinery, and all other items of equipment. If a farmer has 

 not sufficient money to pay all claims, it is believed he should pay all items 

 classed as preferred, as well as interest on all other debts, or, if he can not do 

 this, he should pay a part of all his preferred claims and interest on all ordi- 

 nary claims. 



It is pointed out that " debtors could also avoid trouble by^ knowing accurately 

 their ability to pay and, if they have to make promises, by remembering that 

 the time of performance will soon arrive and that he who performs what he 

 promises is more popular than he who promises and fails to perform." 



It often happens that debtors are forced by special collectors to give some 

 creditor a preference to which he is not entitled, and is hence unable to pay 

 the others wliat he would like to pay them. Cooperation among creditors is 

 suggested to do away with this practice. 



Fifty years of agricultural politics, 1865-1915, A. H. H. Matthews {Lon- 

 don: P. S. King d Son, Ltd., 1915, pp. XV+4S1, pis. 7).— This book gives a 

 historical sketch of the efforts of the British Central Chamber of Agriculture 

 to effect legislation regarding cattle diseases, local taxation, land tenure, rail- 

 v\-ay rates and conditions, establishment of a board of agriculture, malt taxes, 

 fraudulent competition, and agricultural education. 



Report and tables relating to Irish agricultural laborers {Dept. Agr. and 

 Tech. Instr. Ireland, Agr. Statis. 1914, pp. 35). — This report shows the number 

 of migratory agricultural laborers, the source, destination, and total supply of 

 agx-icultural labor, and the average rate of money wages paid. 



Connecticut agriculture: List of farms for sale, 1915 {Hartford, Conn.: 

 Bd. Agr., 1915, pp. 157, pi. 1, figs. 16). — There is given in this report a general 

 description of the agriculture of Connecticut, together with the annual list of 

 farms for sale (E. S. R., 32, p. 390). 



Studies in farm tenancy in Texas {Bui. Univ. Tex., No. 21 {1915), pp. 151, 

 figs. 32). — The following topics are discussed in this bulletin: The growth and 

 development of tenancy in Texas ; the personal property of the tenant ; sources 

 of credit and capital for the tenant; the chattel mortgage and the one-crop 

 system; financing the production of live stock; rents and the bonus system; 

 the economic aspects of the tenant problem in Ellis County, by W. E. Leonard ; 

 personal experiences of tenants and landowners who have been tenants; and 

 farm tenancy and the public schools, by E. V. White. 



