ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 179 



finement is an advantage. Pens in wliich meat scrap was used in addition to 

 tlie regular grain ration made better gains than pens witliout meat, but it was 

 found that it can not be substituted for milli to any extent. Talking tlie total 

 weekly gains of all pens, the best gains (26.7 lbs.) were in the first week and 

 were much smaller (14.78 lbs.) in the second, with a still further reduction 

 (12.36 lbs.) in the third week. 



In a third experiment in which rations similar to those in experiment 1 were 

 fed for tliree weeks it was again found that the best gains were secured with 

 wider rations. The ration containing tallow was most satisfactory in respect 

 to the total gain secured. Gains again dropped as the proportion of protein 

 increased, notwithstanding the facts that rations with milk gave better results 

 than those without, and the use of milk in the mixture necessarily makes a 

 narrow ration with any combination of grain feeds. A comparison of results 

 secured in feeding for three weeks with feeding for two weeks shows that in 

 this experiment practically all the gains were secured during the first two weeks. 

 A comparison of crate feeding and pen feeding gave results favorable to crate 

 feeding. 



Experiments to determine the probable profit in fattening farm-raised fowls, 

 previously reported (E. S. R., 28, p. 172), were continued. It was found that 

 whole grain rations produced slight gains at a heavy expense. The addition of 

 meat .scrap to grain increased tlie gains somewhat, but the addition of wlieat 

 proved to be a disadvantage. Corn meal with meat scrap, while better than 

 whole grains, was too expensive even when mixed witli milk. The addition 

 of low-grade flour produced a material increase in gains. Other conditions 

 being equal, better results were secured when fowls were fattened in a warm 

 room (corresponding to the ordinary temperature in September and October) 

 than in a cold room. It is suggested that this does not indicate the advisability 

 of heating rooms in which to fatten fowls in cold weather, but to indicate the 

 probable desirability of fattening fowls at a time of the year when suitable con- 

 ditions can be had without expense. 



There does not seem to be any advantage in the use of grit and green feed 

 in short feeding tests, but both are probably needed in fattening tests extending 

 over two weeks. 



From records kept it appears that the total killing loss in preparing fowls for 

 market was 14.2 per cent in one test and 10.9 per cent in another. 



Crude fiber in the ration of laying hens, W. A. Cochel and H. W. Jackson 

 (Pennsylvania Sta. Rpt. 1912, pp. 220-227). — This is an amplification of work 

 previously noted (E. S. R., 28, p. 773), witli additional notes on the effect of the 

 feeds and methods of handling on the stage of molt among the birds. There ap- 

 pears to be no consistent relationship between the rations fed and the weight 

 of the eggs. 



A comparison of simple rations with variety in feeding laying hens, 

 W. A. Cochel and H. W. Jackson (Pennsylvania Sta. Rpt. 1912, pp. 2^1-247 

 pi. 1). — ^This is an amplification of work previously noted (E. S. R., 28, p. 773), 

 together with additional notes on feed costs of different rations. 



Improving the Kansas egg, W. A. Lippincott (Kansas Sta. Circ. 51 (1915), 

 pp. 10, figs. 6). — General directions are given for improving tlie quality of 

 market eggs. 



Experiments in incubation, H. W. Jackson (Pennsylvania Sta. Rpt. 1912, 

 pp. 209-219, pis. 3). — This is an elaboration on work previously noted (E. S. R., 

 28, p. 773). In a study of the best date to discontinue turning eggs in the incu- 

 bator, it was found that better results were secured by turning eggs until they 

 began to pip. Such turning did not appear to interfere with chicks being in 

 proper position for pipping. 



