184 - EXPEEIMENT STATION EECOED. 



to 1,000 or more bacteria per cubic centimeter to the milk. On tlie other hand, 

 under the conditions usually found in these stables the number of bacteria added 

 to milk drawn would have been so few as to be undetectable by known methods 

 of analyses. 



It is suggested that other possible sources of contamination, such as the in- 

 terior of the udder, the cow's body, the milkers' hands and clothes, and the con- 

 dition of the utensils be kept in mind in interpreting the importance of the air 

 as a source of milk contamination. Accurate data showing the relative values 

 of each of the.se .sources of contamination are not yet at hand. 



Data were secured which show the effect of exposing a pail of milk to the 

 stable air. The data were secured partly by experiment and partly by calcula- 

 tion from the experimental data. Under the conditions obtaining in the station 

 stable it was found that an average of 55 colonies developed from the bacteria 

 which fell on a square centimeter area when dry chopped hay was fed, 71 per 

 square centimeter when dry grain was being fed, and 114 per square centimeter 

 when milking was in progress. When the effect of leaving 5 liters (about 5 qt.) 

 of milk standing in an open 12-in. pail in the open stable for one hour was cal- 

 culated fi'om these data it was found that the numbers of bacteria which would 

 be added would be 96, 124, and 199 per cubic centimeter under the above con- 

 ditions. It is deemed probable that no greater contaminations than those just 

 noted occur normally in commercial dairies. 



A few analyses indicate, however, that conditions are bad enough at times 

 to produce measurable contaminations in the milk even if this is exposed for a 

 short time only. 



Methods of maJcing some of the soft cheeses, W. W. Fisk (Xcw York Cot' 

 ncll 8ta. Circ. 30 {1915), pp. 41-62, figs. 7). — Methods of making pot, baker's, 

 and cottage, Neufchatel, cream, and club varieties of soft chee.se are described 

 on the basis of tests carried on for several years at the station. Field data, 

 analyses, and a bibliography of 28 references are included. 



VETERINAEY MEDICINE. 



Report of the sixteenth annual meeting of the United States Live Stock 

 lianitary Association {Rpt. U. S. Live Stock Sanit. Assoc, 16 {1912), pp. 1S2, 

 figs. S). — The papers presented before the sixteenth annual meeting are as 

 follows: Tick Eradication, a Fundamental Principle Necessary to Consider in 

 the Agricultural Development of the South, by E. M. Nighbert (pp. 19-35) ; 

 Immunization Against Hemorrhagic Septicemia, by J. R. Mohler and A. Eich- 

 horn (pp. 35-40) (E. S. R., 28, p. 281) ; Hemorrhagic Septicemia, by S. H. "Ward 

 (pp. 40-44) ; Johne's Disease, or Pseudotuberculosis, by J. G. "Wills (pp. 44-50) ; 

 The Value of Physical Examination and Clinical Diagnosis in the Control of 

 Tuberculosis in Cattle, by V. A. Moore (pp. 51-55) ; State Control of Contagious 

 Diseases in Live Stock, by J. I. Gibson (pp. 55-58) ; Advance Registration for 

 Pure-Bred Cattle Free from Tuberculosis, by O. E. Dyson (pp. 58-66) ; Inspec- 

 tion of City Milk from Producer to Consumer, by G. E. Leech (pp. 66-72) ; The 

 Sanitary Barn and Clean Milk Production, by C. Way (pp. 72-79) ; The Con- 

 trol of Hog Cholera with Immune Serum, by P. Fischer (pp. 79-83) ; Fixed Hog 

 Cholera "\'irus, by J. Reichel (pp. 83-101) ; Live Stock Sanitary Control AVork 

 in Canada, by F. Torrance (pp. 101-105) ; Contagious Abortion Bacillus "N'ac- 

 cine, by J. Reichel (pp. 105-111) ; Contagious Abortion, by W. L. Williams (pp. 

 111-126) ; Preventive Measures Against Equine Influenza Based on Its Bac- 

 teriology, by N. S. Ferry (pp. 127-146) ; The Pathology of Parturient Paresis 

 (Milk Fever) and the Calcium Salts as a Factor in the Onset of Labor, by J. H. 



