ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 755 



Before this revolution a high temperature only tends to destroy it. Early in 

 April the egg hatches by a uniform splitting over the insect's head. 



"The stem mother is wingless and becomes mature in about ten days. She 

 produces summer forms, both winged and wingless, with the winged ones pre- 

 dominating. There are 9 to 17 generations of the summer forms at Vienna, 

 Va. After the second generation the wingless forms always outnumber the 

 others, but winged forms may occur in every generation. They become i*are 

 toward the end of the season. On the other hand, a wingless line may be car- 

 ried from the stem mother to the egg. A third form, the intermediate, may 

 occur throughout the summer. The wingless sexes begin to appear about the 

 first of September. They occur in all generations, from the eleventh to the 

 nineteenth, inclusive, and probably also in the ninth and tenth. The summer 

 wingless forms and the oviparous females, which live longer than the males, 

 remain on the trees at Vienna, Va., until the leaves drop, usually about the 

 middle to the last of November. 



" Mating commences toward the close of September, one male usually serving 

 more than one female. Both sexes feed. The oviparous female may lay in- 

 fertile eggs if not reached by a male, and these eggs do not become black. The 

 fertile egg develops to the resting stage before the first heavy frosts ; otherwise 

 it may be winterkilled and will not hatch to a stem mother the following 

 spring." 



A genealogical diagram which accompanies the paper shows the forms and 

 generations developing from one stem mother of the green apple aphis as indi- 

 cated by the authors' breeding experiments. 



Experiments with sprays against Aphis papaveiis, Sofie Kostrup ( Tidsskr. 

 Planteavl, 22 {1915), No. 2, pp. 233-256; abs. in Rev. Appl. Ent., 3 (1915), Ser. 

 A, Xo. 9, pp. 526, 52]). — Experiments with nicotin sprays for the control of A. 

 rumicis (papaveris) on seed turnips and horse beans conducted in 1913-14 

 showed 0.1 per cent uicotin to be sufticieni:, and when the attack is not serious 

 even less may be used, although 0.05 per cent is probably too weak. " Macrosi- 

 plium (SiphonopJiora) pisi, a large species often occurring in company with A. 

 rumicis, is more resistant to the spray. Coccinellids in all stages, Sito'nes 

 lincatus, and thrips were found alive on the plants, whereas Lygus campestris 

 was killed." 



The leopard moth: A dangerous imported insect enemy of shade trees, L. O. 

 Howard and F. H. Chittenden (U. S. Dcpt. Agi:, Farmers' Bui. 708 {1916), 

 pp. 10, figs. //). — A revision of Bureau of Entomology Circular 109, previously 

 noted (E. S. R., 21, p. 458). 



The catalpa sphinx, L. O. Howard and F. H. Chittenden ( U. S. Dept. Agr., 

 Farmers' Bui. 705 {1916), pp. 9, figs. J).— A revision of Circular 96 of the Bu- 

 reau of Entomology, previously noted (E. S. R., 19, p. 759). 



The fruit-tree leaf roller (Archips argyrospila), G. W. Hekrick and R. AV. 

 Leiby {Xew York Cornell .Sta. Bui. 367 {1915), pp. 2^7-279, figs. 18).— In addi- 

 tion to the data presented in Bulletin 311 (E. S. R., 27, p. IGO) and in a paper 

 (E. S. R., 34, p. 63) previously noted, the authors report control experiments 

 carried on from 1911 to 1914. 



The experiments have shown that the eggs of the leaf roller are susceptible 

 to the effect of miscible oils, which, when thoroughly applied, have destroyed 

 from 74 to 92 per cent. " In experiments made during the last three years no 

 injury has resulted from the use of miscible oils. The oils have been applied 

 in the spring (April) at as near the active growing period of the tree as pos- 

 sible, but always before the buds burst. They have been used generally at the 



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