HOKTICULTXJRE. 233 



analyses, the com is somewhat sweeter than field corn and is so superior to east- 

 ern varieties of sweet corn for planting in the Southwest that it is now offered 

 to the public under the name Papago. Breeding operations are to be continued 

 with the view of developing standard size of ear and grain. 



Pollination studies of native corns and several eastern sweet corns indicate 

 that the failure to develop a large number of grains in the sweet corns is prob- 

 ably due to too great a variation between time of silking and time of tasseliug. 

 Experiments in desuckering Papago corn indicate that, for this variety, vigor 

 usually carries with it the production of a number of suckers and also a large 

 number of ears per stalk. Variety tests of Papago and various eastern sweet 

 corns resulted in a much greater yield and vigor for the Pagago. 



Further experiments on parthenogenesis in tomatoes, G. Hostermann 

 (Ber. K. Garf. Lchranst. Dahlem, 1913, pp. 5If-61, fig. 1). — In continuation of 

 previous investigations (E. S. R., 29, p. 837) the author experimented with sev- 

 eral varieties of tomatoes growing both outdoors and in a forcing house. His 

 experiments show in general that the plants will bear more or less fruit even 

 though the stamens are removed before pollination can take place. The parthe- 

 nogeuetic fruit is considerably smaller than normally cultivated fruit. 



The work is to be continued with special refei-ence to determining the best cul- 

 tural conditions for the production of seedless tomatoes. 



Fruit culture for South Carolina, C. F. Niven {Clemson Agr. Col. S. C, 

 Farmers' Reading Course Bui. 15 {1915), pp. 86, figs. 16). — This bulletin com- 

 prises a practical treatise on the culture and care of orchard fruits and grapes, 

 including lists of varieties recommended for planting and instructions for the 

 control of insect pests and diseases. 



Pollination of fruit trees: Observations and experiments from 1904 to 1912, 

 W. J. MiDDLEBKOOKE (Jour. Bd. Agr. [London^, 2Z (1915), No. 5, pp. 418-433).— 

 Pollination experiments were conducted during the 5-year period 1907 to 1912 

 with ditierent varieties of apples, pears, apricots, nectarines, cherries, peaches, 

 and plums. The trees were established in pots and fruited under glass without 

 artificial heat. Tabular data are given and discussed showing the results ob- 

 tained with the different fruits by cross-pollination as compared with pollina- 

 tion by the varieties' own pollen and mixed pollen taken from various varieties 

 indiscriminately. 



The data secured from this investigation plainly indicate that there is a 

 greater possibility of securing good average crops of fruit where a number 

 of different varieties ai'e grown in proximity to each other. Pollination by 

 bees as tested for one season did not give nearly as good results as those ob- 

 tained by artificial pollination. Experiments on pollination by wind in which 

 the wind was sinudated by the use of bellows produced good results. 



The analyses and classification of cider apples, A. Truelle {Rendement, 

 Classement, Caracteres, et Traitements dcs Pomnies a Cidre pour la Dessicca- 

 tion. Argentan, France: E. Langlois, 1915, pp. 19). — This comprises a large 

 number of analyses of different varieties of French cider apples, including 

 their classification relative to the yield in dry matter; a discussion of the 

 physical, organoleptic, and chemical characters of cider apples ; and the special 

 treatment of varieties intended for evaporation. 



The cost of producing' apples in Maine in 1914, A. K. Gardner {Mai7ie Dept. 

 Agr. Bui., 14 [1915), No. 3, pp. 22). — In this bulletin cost data secured in 1914 

 relative to the production of apples in nine different orchards are reported. The 

 orchards selected represented differences in soil, variety, age, altitude, distance 

 from the railroad, and other points. 



From the data secured as a whole it is estimated that under good orchard 

 management it costs from $1 per barrel to produce apples when the production 



