ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 249 



as a fall application. The investigations of the authors, as well as reports from 

 growers, have in no case shown that lime-sulphur solution applied late in the 

 fall was not effective for the control of leaf curl, and it is believed that this 

 treatment would be a safe practice for New York orchardists. 



Preliminary note on a disease of Carica papaya, W. Nowell [Agr. News 

 [Barbados], 14 {1915), No. 341, p. 174)- — What appears to be a well marked 

 disease on the stem, leaves, and fruit of papaya in Barbados, is ascribed to a 

 Colletotrichum. A disease which may prove to be of similar causation is re- 

 ported from Montserrat as particularly prevalent in the neighborhood of 

 Plymouth. 



Some observations on red rust of tea plants, A. R. W. Ivebkhovex (Depf. 

 l.andh., Nijv. en Handel [Dutch East Indies], Meded. Proefstat. Thee, No. 32 

 {1914), pp. 35-40). — Oiving the results of observations during several years, 

 the author concludes that Cepfialeuros virescens, though often found in asso- 

 ciation with attack by Helopeltis, is itself the direct cause of the losses asso- 

 ciated with red rust of the tea plant. This disease, which is now common In 

 parts of Java, is said to attack more severely the younger and weaker plants, 

 especially those of the finer types. The relation of Helopeltis to attack by the 

 alga is discussed, as is also that of severe pruning. 



Use of Bordeaux mixture is said to prove inadequate as a means of control, 

 and the same is true of other direct treatments. Emphasis is laid upon im- 

 provement of cultural conditions as the best means of protection. 



Ascochyta clematidina, the cause of stem rot and leaf spot of clematis, 

 W. O. Gloyeb {New York State Sta. Tech. Bui. 44 {19 15), pp. 3-14, pis. 5).— This 

 is a reprint of an article previously noted (E. S. R., 33. p. 650). 



The presence in human beings of bacteria capable of producing' plant 

 tumors, Q. Fkiedemann and W. Magnus {Ber. Deut. Bot. GeseU.,33 {1915), Xo. 

 k, pp. 96-107, pi. 1 ) . — This is partly a report on the continuation of studies by 

 Magnus (E. S. R., 34, p. 56). 



Results are given of studies regarding the capability of Bacterium tumefaciens 

 to produce abnormal growths in plant tissue. The omnivorous character of this 

 organism and its ready physiological modification are well shown by results of 

 inoculations as described. It is thought that tissue production in plants after 

 inoculation may bear some relation to wound tissue formation. 



[Nematodes attacking- ornamental plants], F. Y. Theobald {Jour. South- 

 east. Agr. Col. TTye, No. 22 {1913), pp. 286-291, pis. 2, figs. 2).— It is stated 

 that the breeding place of the chrysanthemum nematode {Aphelenchus ritsema- 

 bosi) has been found to be the flower buds. Larvffi hatched in the soil died, but 

 those hatched in the bud lived when transferred to the soil and attacked the 

 J-oots developed by healthy cuttings. Soil, dead plants, and cuttings may be vehi- 

 cles for their dissemination. 



Badly stunted and deformed larkspur proved to be full of nematodes as to the 

 lower portion of the stem, and these nematodes attacked larkspur planted in soil 

 in which they had been placed. It is thought that the organism, Tylenchus 

 deva^tatrlT, was introduced with the manure. The same nematodes also were 

 found in hyacinths, where their presence produced a peculiar stunted appear- 

 ance. The infection is thought to come by way of the bulbs, which, however, do 

 not show externally the effects of the attack, which is said to have been ascribed 

 previously to a distinct species, T. hyacinthi. 



ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY— EITTOMOLOGY. 



The vise of carbon bisulphid against phylloxera and other insect enemies 

 of plants, Y. YEEiidBEL and Ckolas {Guide du Yigneron de VHorticulteur et 

 de VAgriculteur pour VEmploi du Sulfure de Carbone contre le Phylloxera et 



