ANIMAL PRODUCTION-. 261 



given of earlier studies of tlie gaseous metabolism during walking, and the results 

 of 20 different investigations are summarized and compared on the basis of the 

 movement of 1 kg. of weight through 1 meter of horizontal distance./ 



In the experiments here reported the subjects were athletes more or less 

 trained to severe muscular activity. The walking was done in a specially de- 

 signed treadmill. The universal respiration apparatus was employed in measur- 

 ing the respiratory exchange. Values were determined for the carbon dioxid 

 production and the oxygen consumption. Automatic records of the respiration 

 rate and in some instances the pulse rate were also obtained. The distance 

 walked in the case of each subject, the number of steps taken, and the height 

 to which the body was raised during walking were also determined and recorded 

 automatically. 



To establish a base line with which to compare the metabolism during walk- 

 ing, preliminary experiments were carried out. In some of these the subjects 

 stood with the body relaxed, in others they leaned against a support at the back, 

 in others they leaned upon a staif, and in others they stood with muscles tense as 

 in the position of " attention." In the walking experiments, the subjects walked 

 at a slow speed, a medium speed, a very fast speed, and in some experiments were 

 actually running. 



The results of the experiments are reported in detail. In an extended discussion 

 of the data reported, the authors consider the basal metabolism of the subjects 

 as influenced by food and body position ; the metabolism of the subjects during 

 walking ; the influence of the character of the diet on metabolism ; the heat out- 

 put per unit of work ; the influence of fatigue on the heat output per 

 unit of work ; a comparison of the heat output per unit of work during 

 running and walking ; and an analj^sis of mechanics of locomotion. For the de- 

 tails of this discussion the original report should be consulted. 



The gaseous metabolism of gymnasts, Peltket and R. du Bois-Reymond 

 (Arch. Anat. u. Physiol., Physiol. AM., No. 3-4 {1914), PP- 251-272, fig. 1).—K 

 number of experiments are reported in which the Zuntz-Geppert method was 

 used to measure the respiratory exchange of men engaged in unusual muscular 

 activity. The data indicate, in the authors' opinion, that the favorable influence 

 of gjannastics on the body may be best accomplished by avoiding extreme 

 exertion and by increasing the actual amount of work done. 



Exercise in education and medicine, R. T. McKenzie {Philadelphia and 

 London: W. B. Saunders Co., 1915, 2. ed., pp. 5S5, figs. 478). — Some of the chap- 

 ters in this book, especially those which have to do with the effect of physical 

 exercise upon the muscles, heart, and lungs, and the relation of exercise to nutri- 

 tion and excretion, are of interest to students of physiology. 



ANIMAL PKODTJCTION. 



F^ds and feeding, W. A. Henky and F. B. Morrison {Madison, Wis.: The 

 Henry-Morrison Co., 1915, 15. ed., rev., pp. X-{-691). — This is the fifteenth edition 

 of this book (E. S. R., 10, p. 82), revised and entirely rewritten. A new series 

 of standards, the " modified Wolff-Lehmann standards," has been formulated 

 by the authors, based upon the recent findings of scientists in this and other 

 countries. A new chapter on economy in feeding live stock has been added, 

 together with other material changes looking toward a complete and practical 

 guide to methods of feeding and animal nutrition. 



Acidosis in omnivora and lierbivora and its relation to protein storage, 

 H. Steenbock, v. E. Nelson, and E. B. Hart {Wisconsin Sta. Research Bid. 

 S6 {1915), pp. 19). — This material lias been previously reported from another 

 source (E, S. R., 33, p. 368). 



