ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 263 



cattle, pigs, sheep, and fowls, and in cows favorably influences the production 

 of milk. 



Where it is not possible to dry the waste yeast and the cask sediment these 

 waste materials may be disposed of as cattle feed in a fresh condition, in 

 w^hich form they contain about 9 per cent protein. Prior to use they should be 

 boiled or heated by live steam, thereby killing the yeast and other organisms. 

 They should be freshly cooked for each feeding and given to the cattle while 

 still warm. Owing to the slightly bitter taste the feetling of these materials 

 should be gradual in order to accustom the cattle to the feed. The boiled liquid 

 yeast may be mixed with chaff, chopped straw, or hay. 



Spent hops have less nutritive value than any of the other brewery waste 

 materials. This material is first pressed, drietl and ground to fine meal, and 

 then mixed with molasses. The spent hops may be fed in the fresh condition, 

 in which state they contain 3.3 per cent of protein, of which about 2.5 per cent 

 is digestible, and 5 per cent of carbohydrate, of which 60 per cent is digestible. 



Commercial feeding stuffs, W. J. Jones, Jr., et al. {Indiana Sta. Bui. 181 

 {1915), pp. 523-835). — Analyses are reported of wheat bran, middlings, red 

 dog flour, rye bran, rye middlings, rye red dog flour, buckwheat bran, buck- 

 wheat middlings, cotton-seed meal, cold-pressed cotton seed, cotton-seed hulls, 

 linseed meal, distillers' dried grains, brewers' dried grains, malt sprouts, corn 

 gluten feed, corn germ meal, corn bran, hominy feed, hominy meal, rice polish, 

 dried sugar-beet pulp, alfalfa meal, dried blood, bone meal, meat meal, meat 

 scrap, feeding tankage, ground rye, molasses feed, and various mixed and 

 proprietary feeds. 



Commercial feeds, J. M. Pickel, E. S. Dewae, and J. Q. Jackson {Bui. N. C. 

 Depf. Agr., 36 {1915), No. 10, pp. 53). — Analyses are given of wheat bran, mid- 

 dlings, shorts, shipstuff, red dog flour, molasses feeds, cotton-seed meal, corn 

 chop, rice polish, rice meal, rye middlings, dried-beet pulp, meat meal, beef 

 scrap, distillers' dried gi'ains, and various mixed and proprietary feeds. 



Analyses of feed stuffs, A. Scholl {Ber. Landw. Vers. Stat. Miinster, 1914, 

 pp. 18-27). — Analyses are given of the following feetling stuffs: Soy-bean meal, 

 rice meal, peanut meal, linseed meal, palm-kernel cake, cotton-seed meal, rape- 

 seed cake, sesame cake, coconut cake, and fish meal. 



Biology and its makers, W. A. Locy {New York: Henry Holt & Co., 1915, 

 3. ed., rev., pp. XZF/+477, figs. 125). — This book treats of the sources of biologi- 

 cal ideas and of the doctrine of organic evolution. 



The growth of organs in the albino rat as affected by gonadectomy, S. 

 Hatai {Jour. Expt. Zool., 18 {1915), No. 1, pp. 1-67; abs. in Jour. Roy. Micros. 

 Soc., No. 5 {1915), pp. 460, 461). — In experiments with albino rats to test the 

 effect of the removal of the sex glands in either sex, which the author calls 

 gonadectomy, applying the term both to castration of the male and spaying of 

 the female, five operations were performed : Total gonadectomy, partial gona- 

 dectomy, ligature of the spermatic cord, removal of one ovary followed by an 

 isolation of the other ovary from the uterus, and the isolation of both ovaries 

 from the uterus. 



" The body lengths were slightly less in all the rats operated on, except the 

 spayed females, in which the body lengths were distinctly greater. The tail 

 length with respect to the body length tends to be slightly longer in the 

 castrated males. The body weight in respect to body length is greater in 

 nearly all rats operated on, but especially in the spayed rats. In castrated and 

 spayed rats the bones (femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, and ulna) tend 

 to be very slightly longer and heavier than in the corresponding controls and 

 the percentage of water in the bones slightly higher. No characteristic response 

 was observed for the central nervous system. 



