86 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. [Vol.41 



Report of committee on bovine diseases. — Their relation to the milk sup- 

 ply and to the public health, C. L. Koadhouse {Anii. Rpt. Internat. Assoc. 

 Dairy and Milk Insp., 7 (1918), pp. Jf9-53). — A carefully kept record of the 

 cause of losses of animals in two large certified herds is presented. 



A new disease of bovines and ovines, P. de Figueiredo Parreiras Horta 

 (Rev. Vet. e Zootcch., 8 {1918), No. 2, pp. 3-32). — This discussion relates to a 

 gastroenteritis hemorrhagica found in cattle and sheep in the States of Minas- 

 Geraes and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 



Sheep-maggot flies, IV, W. W. and J. L. Froggatt (Dept. Agr. N. S. Wales, 

 Farmers' Bui. 122 {1918), pp. 2Jf, figs. 11). — This is a report, in continuation 

 of that previously noted (E. S. li., 3S, p. 466), of work carried on during 

 1917-1918 at the government sheep-fly experiment station, at Kooroogama, 

 Moree. 



Are camels susceptible to blackquarter, hemorrhagic septicemia, and 

 rinderpest? H. E. Cross {Agr. Research Inst. Pusa Bui. 80 {1918), pp. 17, pi. 1, 

 fig. 16). — The conclusions drawn from the investigations are that camels are 

 as susceptible to blackquarter as cattle, that they are not very susceptible to 

 hemorrhagic septicemia, and that they develop severe lesions (.)f rinderpest, and 

 are more susceptible to the disease than some cattle. 



Paralysis in the hind quarters of a sow due to kidney worms, E. M. 

 Pickens and C. C. Shivers {Cornell Vet., 9 {1919), No. 2, pp. 124-126).— Th.e 

 authors record a case of paralysis in a grade 6-year-old sow, reared at the 

 Maryland Experiment Station, which was caused by 8tephanurus dentatus. 



Observations in regard to immunizing young pigs, R. R. Birch {Cornell 

 Vet., 9 {1919), No. 2, pp. 75-92, figs. 15).— The author discusses the problem of 

 establishing immunity to hog cholera in young pigs by the use of the simul- 

 taneous treatment following serum alone, and reports investigations conducted 

 upon young pigs to determine whether passive immunity produced by eerum 

 alone interferes with the production of active lasting immunity by the simul- 

 taneous treatment, and what influence is exerted by the interval beween the 

 two treatments. The general plan was to give follow-up treatment to several 

 groups of pigs, litter mates of known susceptibility, at various ages and with 

 various intervals elapsing between serum-alone and simultaneous treatment. 

 Other groups were given simultaneous treatment only and were used as 

 checks. In the experiments reported none of the pigs showed any physical 

 reaction, all acquired a la.sting immunity, and individual differences in tem- 

 perature reaction were not such as to indicate that the passive immunity pro- 

 duced by serum alone prevents the establishment of active immunity by subse- 

 quent simultaneous treatment. This principle appeared to hold good regard- 

 less of the interval elapsing between the two treatments. 



The observation is made that there is apparently a distinct difference be- 

 tween natal immunity and serum-alone immunity in young pigs, in that if 

 virus and serum are given while natal immunity still persists active immunity 

 is not conferred ; but virus and serum administered during the existence of 

 passive immunity due to serum alone usually produces active immunity. 



In conclusion the author roconnnends that in garbage-fed herds, and in other 

 herds where there is constant danger of infection, serum alone should be ail- 

 mlnistered when the pigs are from 4 to 6 weeks of age, or earlier if hog 

 cholera should develop. This should be followed by simultaneous treatment 

 when the pigs are from 9 to 12 weeks of age. If it is necessary to administer 

 serum when the pigs are 2 or 3 weeks of age, a second dose of serum should 

 be given 4 weeks later, followed in the usual manner and length of time by 

 the simultaneous treatment. In immunizing herds less seriously threatened, 

 the first serum-alone treatment may be omitted entirely. 



