82 EXPEKIMENT STATION RECORD. [Vol.41 



Aspects of the Pathology of Spavin (E. S. R., 39, p. 686), by S. A. Goldberg 

 (pp. 145-148) ; A Preliminary Report on the Urine Analysis of the Dairy Cow, 

 by C. E. Hay den (pp. 149-155) ; Horseshoes of Interest to Veterinarians, by H. 

 Asmus (pp. 156-168) ; and The Strongyhdse Infesting the Horse, by W. A. 

 Hagan (pp. 169-179). 



First biennial report of the [Utah] Live Stock Board for the period end- 

 ing November 30, 1918, R. W. Hoggan et al. (Bien. Rpt. Live Stock Bd. Utah, 

 1 (1917-18), pp. 23). — This includes a discussion of the occurrence of and worli 

 with the more important diseases of live stock for the period ended November 

 30, 1918. 



[Diseases of live stock], A. H. Cory (Ann. Rpt. Dept. Agr. and Stock 

 [Queensland], 1917-18, pp. 6Jf-S7, pis. 6). — A discussion of the occurrence of 

 and work with ticks and tick fever and other diseases of cattle, including sheep, 

 swine, etc. 



The physiolog'ical action of nitrobenzene vapor on animals, W. L. Chand- 

 ler (New York Cornell Sta. Mem. 20 (1919), pp. ^11-^72, pi. O-— This is a 

 report of investigations of the effect of nitrobenzene upon the host, conducted 

 in continuation of the parasiticide investigations previously noted (B, S. R., 38, 

 p. 760). 



The work reported has confirmed the findings of previous investigators that 

 (1) nitrobenzene exhibits toxic properties, whether it is ingested, applied to 

 the skin, inhaled, or administered by subcutaneous injection; (2) the size of the 

 lethal dose is extremely variable; (3) the symptoms of poisoning are incon- 

 stant; (4) an interval of time (the latent period) often elapses between the 

 administration of the poison and the onset of the symptoms; (5) nitrobenzene 

 is not necessarily converted in the body into anilin, hydrocyanic acid, or any 

 other substance before it exerts a toxic action; and (6) nitrobenzene forms 

 methemoglobin in the blood. It has also led to the following conclusions: 



"Aside from the possible disturbance of digestive functions and a possible 

 asphyxia due to a direct action of nitrobenzene on the blood, most, if not all, of 

 the observed symptoms of nitrobenzene poisoning may be explained on the basis 

 of disturbances in the cerebellum or the cerebellar paths. 



" Toxic doses of nitrobenzene, when administered by vapor inhalation, exert 

 a direct action on the Purkinje cells in the cerebellum, causing chromatolytlc 

 degeneration of these cells. Histological examinations have failed to reveal any 

 definite changes in any of the organs of the body except the blood (presence of 

 methemoglobin and morphological alterations of erythrocytes) and the cere- 

 bellum (chromatolytlc degenerations of the Purkinje cells). 



" The size of the lethal dose probably depends on conditions such as the 

 amount and the kind of fats in the blood, which favor or disfavor a concentra- 

 tion of the drug in the vicinity of the nerve cells. The latent period (the time 

 elapsing between the administration of the poison and the onset of the symp- 

 toms) is undoubtedly due to the absorption of the nitrobenzene from the blood, 

 and its retention by the liquid fats of the body in which it is easily soluble. . . , 



" Nitrobenzene can not be used, with any degree of safety, for the fumigation 

 of animals to destroy their external parasites. . . , Because of the extreme 

 toxic properties and the subtle action of nitrobenzene, the following uses of 

 this drug should be prohibited by legislation : For perfuming soaps, lotions, and 

 pomades ; as a solvent in shoe polish, floor wax, and the like ; and especially 

 as an ingredient of flavoring extracts, confections, and liqueurs. The drug should 

 be regarded as one of the most dangerous of poisons, and its sale and use 

 should be regulated by law just as in the case of any other deadly poison." 



A list of the literature cited consisting of 27 titles is included. 



