1919] DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 183 



Marketing problems of the milk producer, L. M. Davis {Milk Dealer, 7 

 (,1918), No. 11, pp. 10-15). — This is a general discussion which includes a state- 

 ment concerning the daily news service on dairy products inaugurated by the 

 Bureau of Markets of the U. S. Department of Agriculture and an outline of 

 the different types of producers' organizations. 



Field surveys and dairy marketing investigations, L. M. Davis (Jour. 

 Dairy ScL, 1 (1918), No. 6, pp. 517-526).— This paper was presented at the 

 Dah-y Marketing Conference at Columbus, Ohio, on October 23, 1917, and gives 

 an outline of the plans of the Bureau of Markets of the U. S. Department of 

 Agriculture in the fiekl of dairy marketing studies. The terminological distinc- 

 tion, adopted for convenience, between a " survey " of production and an " in- 

 vestigation " of distribution is noted. 



Dairy marketing survey in Colorado, J. A. Raitt {Colo. Agr, Col. Ext. Sei'i: 

 Buh, 1. ser., No. 151-A {1919), pp. 54, flfis. 11). — This survey is the result of co- 

 operation between the office of the State Dairy Commissioner of Colorado and 

 the Bureau of IMarkets of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, and presents a 

 considerable amount of statistical material, much of it in gi'aphical form, drawn 

 from census reports, Department of Agriculture estimates, reports of the State 

 Dairy Conmiissioner, etc. The natural conditions, limiting dairy farming in 

 Colorado are pointed out. The number of dairy cows has not increased as rap- 

 idly as the population. 



Creamery butter is the most important dairy product, with farm butter next. 

 Over 300 cream-receiving stations are operated, mostly in the dry farming areas. 

 There are frequently two or more in the same town, each with too small a vol- 

 ume of business to give the best price to producers. In 1917 the direct shipper 

 received a net return of about 2.5 cts. more per pound for butter fat than the 

 producer selling at a cream station. Some advantageously situated local cream- 

 eries were able to pay 4.8 cts. above the average price received at cream 

 stations. 



Comparatively few sections of the State are able to supply sufficient whole 

 milk to make cheese factories or milk condenseries profitable. In 1917 there 

 were 13 of the former and 4 of the latter in operation. 



Report is also made on the supply and distribution of market milk in Denver, 

 Pueblo, and other cities. 



A survey of the dairy marketing conditions and methods in New Hamp- 

 shire, L. M. Davis {N. H. Col. Ext. Bui. 8 {1917), pp. 45, figs. 8).— This survey 

 of the production of market milk and butter in New Hampshire was conducted 

 by the Bureau of Markets of the U. S. Department of Agriculture in collabora- 

 tion with the extension service of the New Hampshire College, and deals mostly 

 with the steady decline which has characterized the State's dairy industry for 

 a long period of time. The number of dairy cows decreased 20.6 per cent be- 

 tween 1900 and 1916, while census reports indicate a still greater decrease in 

 production. The creamery business has also been set back, the active cream- 

 eries in 1917 totaling about half the number in operation in 1888. 



Aside from the usual conditions making dairying unprofitable, high feed cost, 

 scarcity of labor, and low milk prices, certain conditions of more local applica- 

 tion were noted, including (1) extent of the summer boarder trade, which en- 

 couraged summer rather than winter dairying and resulted in little attention 

 to herd improvement, and, coincidentally, (2) the widespread use of bulls of 

 the beef breeds so as to secure the most profit from veal; (3) the moi'e recent 

 development of city markets for whole milk, which has made rearing of dairy 

 stock less easy and decreased the volume of business of the creameries; (4) the 

 transportation monopoly afforded by the leased-car system, which made almost 



