1919] RURAL. ECONOMICS. 193 



when applied to tlie price of milli in tlie city, is said to sliow tlie inconsistency 

 of efforts to arbitrate the supply, price, and consumption of it. It is argued 

 that the farmer must be remunerated for the economic costs of this alternative 

 product, and also that a system of regulating the monopoly or of high license 

 of the sale of milk in the city might afford relief from the point of view of the 

 consumer. 



Farm credit in Wisconsin, H. C, Taylor {Hoard's Dairyman, 57 {1919), No. 

 /<S, pp. 906-'908). — This address before the American Farm Management Asso- 

 ciation on January 10, 1919, deals with mortgage and personal credit in Wis- 

 consin, and compares upper Wisconsin and the southern section of the State in 

 this respect. The former is characterized as a deficit credit area where bank 

 credit is unsatisfactory and chattel mortgages are much in use, while it is 

 shown that in the southern section personal and store credit and farm mort- 

 gages are general. Several types of farm credit systems and of mortgage and 

 loan associations are described. 



Land settlement in the mother counti-y {London: Bd. Agr. and Fisheries, 

 1918 [vols, i], vp. 8; [2], pp. 10; rev. in Jour. Bd^ Agr. [Lo7idon], 25 {1919), 

 No. 10, pp. 1152-1160). — These booklets have been issued by the English and 

 Scottish Boards of Agriculture with the approval of the Admiralty and 

 War Ofiice to explain to ex-service men and officers, respectively, the steps that 

 have been taken to settle them on the land and to direct them in making appli- 

 cations for training and for holdings. 



Report of the committee appointed by the Agricultural Wages Board to 

 inquire into the financial results of the occupation of agricultural land and 

 the cost of living of rural workers {London: Agr. Wages Bd., 1919, pp. 73; 

 rev. in Agr. Gaz. {London], 89 {1919), No. 2361, p. 305). — This committee, ap- 

 pointed March 14, 1918, by the Agricultural W^ages Board of Great Britain, 

 circulated schedules among farmers asking for particulars of receipts and 

 expenditures during five years, and of acreage and live stock in each year, but 

 omitting a statement of valuation at the beginning and end of the year, interest 

 on capital, remuneration to the farmer for management, or of produce consumed 

 by the farm household The main object was to determine the actual turnover 

 of business and the cash profit or loss. This report is based upon 119 such 

 schedules returned, and on data supplied by farm accounts of various farmers' 

 organizations, the Rothamsted Experiment Station, and others. It includes 

 a summary of the regulation of prices of the farm products of 1917 and subse- 

 quently, and gives prices of farm requisites and other farming costs under 

 various systems of management, also retail prices of commodities in 1914 and 

 1918 and at earlier dates. 



It is indicated that farming has been substantially more remunerative during 

 the war than in the period immediately preceding it, and that "the cost of the 

 standard budget would have doubled if the same food had been bought in the 

 same quantities, that owing to modifications and slight reduction in standard, 

 actual expenditure rose 84 per cent, and that if the modifications had been 

 maintained, but the standard of nutrition restored, the increase would have 

 been 90 per cent." It is shown that the cost of clothing has all but doubled, 

 the increase in the cost in the standard budget being 90 per cent. 

 Detailed tabulation of the data collected is included in the appendixes. 



Wages and conditions of employment in agriculture {Bd. Agr. and Fish- 

 eries [London], Wages and Conditions Employment Agr., 1919, vols. 1, pp. IV-{- 

 202; 2, pp. IV +504). — Volume 1 consists of a general report by G. Drage, di- 

 i-ector of investigations, of the inquiry into the economic position of agricultural 

 labor made by a committee appointed by the Board of Agriculture and Fish- 



