284 EXPEEIMENT STATION KECORD. [Vol.41 



tory disease, and is the l)est remedy so far discovered for .subcutaneous medi- 

 cation. Its action is rapid, an alteration in respiration has been observed 

 Avithin 10 minutes of inoculation, and usually within 30 minutes in every case. 



" It can be used when the administration of medicines per os is impractica- 

 ble. It should ' bubble ' on exposure to the air. In some supplies this was not 

 observed, and in these ca.ses there was little or no benefit from its use. It can 

 be used for smaller animals, such as the dog, in doses of 3 to 5 cc. in cases of 

 the respiratory form of distemper, and lias given good results." 



Studies on anthrax vaccine. — III, Accidents following vaccination, 11. 

 Kraus and P. Bf:ltrami (Rev. Inxt. Bact. [Arf/cvtina], 2 {1919), No. 1, pp. .98- 

 113, figs. 5). — This is a continuation of work previously note<l (E. S. K., 40. 

 p. 582). 



Reports are given of accidents following vaccination which emphasize the 

 necessity of an official control of the preparation of the vaccine. It is thought 

 that certain intercurrent diseases and other factors such as pregnancy lower 

 the natural resistance of the animal and decrease the artificial immunity con- 

 ferred by the vaccine. The virulence of vaccine II does not increase in the or- 

 ganism provided it is not virulent for rabbits, but vaccines which are virulent 

 for rabbits are liable to increase in virulence and are thus dangerous to use. 



The treatment of human anthrax with normal bovine serum, IV, J. Penna, 

 J. BoNOKiNo CuENCA, aud R. Kbaits (Rev. luHt. Bdcf. [Arfientina], 2 (1919), 

 No. 1, pp. 89-4)1). — Further success is reported in the treatment of human 

 anthrax with normal bovine serum (E. S. R., 40, p. 582). In 372 cases thus 

 treated the mortality was only 6.2 per cent. 



Malignant epizootic aphtha (foot-and-mouth disease), Sacco (Yet. Jour., 

 15 (1919), No. 526, pp. 139-lJfl).—A grave form of foot-and-mouth disease has 

 been spreading through Italy since the beginning of December, having already 

 extended over upper and middle Italy. In certain byres in Lombardy 50 of 100 

 animals are said to have been lost within a few days. 



The trypanosomes found in domestic mammals in south- central Africa, 

 H. V. Hornby (Vet. Jour., 15 (1919), No. 526, pp. 128-138) .—'' The common 

 trypanosomes found in domestic mammals in soutli-central Afric.i are three in 

 number, viz., Trypano.soiun brucei, T. eongolense, and T. vivnx. 



" They are readily distinguishable by their morphological characters. T. 

 brucei is very fatal to equines, smaller ruminants, and dogs, but is almost non- 

 pathogenic for cattle. T. congolense is the commonest cause of trypanosomiasis 

 of cattle, but it is also pathogenic for the other domestic mammals. T. vivax 

 resembles T. congolense in the forms of disease it causes in stock. Dogs are 

 generally inmiune to its ill effects. 



"The distribution of these parasites is coincident with that of tsetse flies. 

 Different strains of the same species of trypanosome vary greatly in their range 

 of virulence. Individuals and races of the same species of domestic animal 

 vary greatly in tlie resistance they offer to infection. The presence in the blood 

 of one species of parasite appears to inhibit the development of another. 



" A fourth species, T. siviiw, causes disease in pigs. It is conceivable it may 

 be only a variety of T. congolense modified by passages through the warthog." 



The tuberculin test at Jackson, Mich., T. H. Broughton (Purdue Agr., 13 

 (1919), No. 8, pp. 361-369, 398. JfOO).— The tuberculin test was started in June, 

 1915, and all cattle supplying milk for the city of .lackson were tested. Four 

 and two-tenths per cent reacted and were slaughtered. The second year only 

 2 per cent reacted to the test, and a considerable inimber of the reactors were 

 from herds that were not tested the previous year, due to the fact that they were 

 not producing milk for the city. 



