1919] HORTICULTUKE. 241 



" Reversion " and resistance to '' big bud " in black currants, A. IT. Lees 

 {Ann. Aijpl. Biol., .5 (liUS), No. 1, pp. 11-21, pis. 4, ftps. 2).— A further contri- 

 bution to tlu' so-called reversion of black currants (E. S. K., 39, p. G4G) leads 

 the author to conclude that reversion is associated with and apparently caused 

 by a check to the terminal growth through change of the teruiinal wood bud into 

 either a big bud, a killed bud or blind bud, or a fruit bud. It may also be 

 associated with aphis attack. It is characterized by four symptoms, " running 

 off " or dropping of the fruit, unusual amount of lateral wood growtb, sharp 

 pointed leaves, and long, thin internodes. The mite resistance shown by 

 varieties such as Seabrook Black is said to be due to the fact that in normal 

 climates and seasons the mite kills the attacked growing point and tlius starves 

 itself. The form of reversion wliich occurs in young bushes before mite or 

 aphis is present has not yet been accounted for. 



The pruning of young vines, H. Daumas (Prog. Agr. et Yit. (Ed. VEst- 

 Ccntre), J,0 {101!)), No. 20, pp. 462-464, figs. 2). — In the author's experience 

 short pruning or pruning back to basilary buds during the early years of the 

 life of a vine promotes a much better distribution of shoots, a better developed 

 stock, and earlier bearing than the usual method of pruning back to short arms. 

 The two methods of pruning are illustrated, and yield data are given for two 

 vineyards of French vines growing on their own roots which came into satisfac- 

 tory bearing at two years of age. 



Notes on some hybrid bearers, E. P^e-Laby {Vic Agr, et Rurale, 8 {1918), 

 No. 34, pp. lo2, IS."). — This comprises a brief review relative to the fertility 

 and production of various hybrid grapes tested at the Toulouse Experimental 

 Garden in 1918. 



The hybrid bearers in 1918 at the Toulouse Testing Garden, E. Pke-Laby 

 {Vie Agr. et Rurale, 8 (1918), Nos. 35, pp. 144, 145; 39, pp. 215, 216; 42, pp. 280, 

 281; 46, pp. 357-359; 50, pp. 423-425) .—Notes are given on the resistance of 

 various hybrid grapes to disease, as well as on their general cultural value. 



The reconstitution in Champagne, G. Philipponnat {Rev. Yit., 50 {1919), 

 No.'i. 1285. pp. 97-103; 1286, pp. 113-120).— The results of experiments and ob- 

 servations dealing with the reconstitution of phylloxera-infested vineyards in 

 the Champagne district are here recorded, including data on the adaptability 

 and affinity <if various graft stocks employed in the work of reconstitution. 



Varieties of the Satsuma orange, L. B. Scott {Cnl. Citrogr., 4 (1919), No. 7, 

 pp. 176, 199, figs. 4)- — A further contribution on varieties of the Satsuma orange 

 f)ccurring in the United States (E. S. R., 40, p. 342), in which the author 

 furnishes information relative to various nurserymen growing distinct varie- 

 ties of the Satsuma orange. 



Some results from an experiment with pruning as compared with no 

 pruning of full bearing Washington navel trees, A. D. Shamel {Cal. Citrogr., 

 4 {1919), No. 7, pp. 174, 175, figs. 4), — The author presents yield data based on 

 pruning operations conducted in a commercial orchard during the 5-year 

 period n914-1919. The data, which indicated that the priming operations re- 

 sulted in a total loss of about $2 per tree for the entire period, are given 

 chiefly with the idea of showing the undeslrability of pruning in healthy and 

 normal navel orange trees iinless it is definitely known that such pruning will 

 be beneficial instead of detrimental. It is not intended to discourage judi- 

 cious pruning by experienced and careful pruners. 



Improving the soil in a young orchard, J. A. Prizer {Cal. Citrogr., 4 {1919), 

 No. 8, pp. 202, 203, 226, figs. 6).— A contribution from the California Citrus 

 Substation, discussing methods of soil improvement in citrus orchards with 

 special reference to practices at the statiou, 



