1919] HORTICULTURE. 341 



Thus far no satisfactory sprays have been developed for the apple maggot, 

 green apple bu;,', and plum curculio. 



Fertilizing of apple orchards, E. J. Kkaus {Trans. III. Hort. Soc, n. ser., 52 

 (1918), pp. 188-207, fig. 1). — A consideration of various orchard practices, in- 

 cluding fertilization, as factors in maintaining a proper balance between the 

 nitrogenous and cai'bohydrate compounds within the tree. See also a previous 

 note (E. S. R., 40, p. 147). In the discussion following is included a plan 

 prepared by A. D. Shamel of arrangement of furrow-manure applications as 

 recommended for citrus growers (E. S. R., 40, p. 246). 



Fertilization of apple orchards, J. P. Stewart (Trans. Ind. Hort. Soc. 1917, 

 pp. 55-73). — In this paper the author reviews the more practical results of 

 orchard fertilizer experiments conducted under the direction of the Pennsyl- 

 vania Experiment Station (E. S. R., 39, p. 445). 



Cultural methods and fertilization of the apple orchard, J. Oskamp (Trans. 

 Ind. Hort. Soc. 1917, pp. 7S-8-i, fiffs. 3). — A popular review of some of the more 

 important results in orchard management at Purdue and other State experi- 

 ment stations. 



Cost of producing- apples in Illinois orchards, H. R. Stanfokd (Trans. III. 

 Hort. Soc, n. ser., 52 (1918), pp. 63-80). — The cost data here presented are 

 based on questionnaires sent out to a number of the representative orchard men 

 of the State. 



A test of commercial fertilizers for grapes, F. E. Gladwin (Neiv York State 

 Sta. Bui. 458 (1919), pp. 27-43). — This comprises the results for the second 

 5-year period of an experiment started in 1909 (E. S. R., 31, p. 339), including 

 also a summary of results from the work to date. 



Nitrogenous fertilizers have continued to give the best results. Phosphorus 

 and potassium have also had a marked beneficial effect upon wood growth, 

 yield, and quality of the fruit, but have not influenced the quality to the same 

 extent as the nitrogen. Nitrogen has not only affected the growth of the wood 

 favorably, but it has increased the fruit and given larger berries and clusters. 

 I'otassium caused earlier ripening of the foUage than the other elements, but 

 after the first few years the foliage has been of better color and size in the 

 plats to which nitrogen was applied. The foliage on the check plat was in- 

 ferior to the foliage on any of the fertilized plats. 



All of the fertilized plats have produced a decided gain of fruit over the 

 unfertilized plats, and with prices paid for fertilizers in 1914 as a basis the 

 fertilizers have paid a good return on the investment. A comparison of the 

 financial returns from the different plats indicates that the nitrogen applied in 

 conjunction with either phosphorus or potassium, or with both, is worth some- 

 thing more than $100 per acre for the 10-year period. The author concludes 

 that where all other fundamentals favorable to grape growing have been taken 

 care of and the condition and production of the vines are still unsatisfactory, 

 fertilizers should be applied. The evidence at hand suggests that a fertilizer 

 containing a rather large percentage of nitrogen be used. 



Some recent marketing developments in the Pacific Northwest, C. I. Lewis 

 (Trails. Ind. Hort. Soc. 1917, pp. 193-206) .—The author describes the organiza- 

 tion and status of the Fruit Agency, Incorporated, which was organized with 

 the assistance of the Office of Markets of the U. S. Department of Agriculture 

 in 1915 to promote cooperation between large individual operators, cooperative 

 bodies, and other groups making a business of selling fruit. 



Tropical and semitropical fruits (exclusive of citrus fruits), E. O. Fenzi 

 (Prutti Tropiculi c Seinitroincali (Esclusi gli Agrum). Florence: 1st. Agr. 

 Colon. Ital., 1915, pp. 261, figs. 60).— This manual has been previously noted in 

 serial form (E. S. R., 34, p. 438). 



