444 EXPERIIMENT STATION BECORD. [Vol.41 



are considered. With this article as a basis, the author presents certain con- 

 clusions relative to refrigerative practices applicable to France. 



Varieties of fruits for various localities, V. R. Gabdnee {Oreg. Countryman, 

 11 (1918), No. 2, pp. 18-21, fig. 1).—A list of varieties of orchard and small 

 fruits and grapes recommended for different sections of Oregon. 



A report on fruit growing in Denmark, M. Gram (Tidsskf. Planteavl, 26 

 (1919), No. 1, pp. 80-185). — A report on the development and present condition 

 of fruit culture in Denmark, based on investigations made by the Commission on 

 Fruit Culture under the direction of the State Commission for Plant Culture 

 in 1917. 



Some observations on the pruning question, H. S. Reed (Cal. Citrogr., 4 

 (1919), No. 10, pp. 258, 282, fig. J).— A contribution from the CaUfornia Citrus 

 substation, in which the author brieily discusses natural and artificial difficul- 

 ties in solving the pruning question. The greatest natural obstacle, he points 

 out, is the lack of fundamental knowledge of processes which take place within 

 the tree. The work of Kraus and Kraybill dealing with the nitrogen and 

 carbohydrate relations within the tomato plant (E. S. R., 40, p. 40) is cited as 

 a step in the right direction. A serious artifical obstacle to successful pruning 

 is the wholesale adoption of certain systems that, although giving success under 

 a limited set of conditions, have not been thoroughly compared with other 

 systems under varying conditions. 



Pruning and spraying the home orchard and vineyard, G. M. Bentlet 

 (Tennessee Sta. Bid. 121 (1918), pp. 19-47, figs. 50).— Practical instructions on 

 pruning and spraying, with special reference to the home orchard and vineyard. 



The commercial apple industry in the United States, J. C. Folger (Pure 

 Products, 15 (1919), No. 8, pp. 380-386). — A discussion of the commercial phases 

 of the industry, including a brief description of the relative importance of 

 different regions and the factors which influence their development. 



"P. J. Bergius," a new apple variety, C. and R. Florin (Acta Horti Bergiani 

 [Stockholm], 6 (1918), No. 5, pp. 7, pi. 1, fig. 1). — A red apple of dessert quality, 

 which originated in the Bergielund fruit tree garden of the Royal Swedish 

 Scientific Academy, is illustrated in color and described. The P. J. Bergius 

 variety is a fall apple, and is believed to have originated as a bud sport from 

 the Swedish variety Savstaholm. 



Minimum temperatures sustained by apricots during March, 1919, in the 

 Pecos Valley, N. Mex., C. Hallenbeck (U. S. Mo. Weather Rev., Ifi (1919), No. 

 4, p. 240). — The author presents tabular data illustrating a remarkable re- 

 sistance to temperatures below freezing after a period of low atmospheric 

 humidity. 



Apricot buds were showing pink on March 1, 1919, and were opening on 

 March 3, 1919, and during the entire period, March 1 to IMarch 19, inclusive, the 

 blossoms were subjected to daily mininmm temperatures below freezing with 

 a temperature of 14° below freezing when in full blossom. On March 25 a 

 thorough examination of the trees at different elevations showed less than 7 

 per cent of the fruit dead or injured. Inasmuch as the percentage of dead and 

 injured fruit was not above normal it is not certain that this injury was caused 

 by the cold. 



On April 8, 1919, apples in the Pecos Valley were, w^hen in full blossom, sub- 

 jected to a snowstorm lasting 15 hours, during which the temperature was con- 

 tinuously below freezing, and below 30° F. in portions of the orchard district 

 for several hours. Nevertheless, no noticeable damage was sustained to the 

 fruit. 



Cover crops in the peach orchard, C. A. McCue (Delaware Sta. Bui. 120 

 (1918), pp. 3-31, fig. 1), — Cover crop studies iu peach orchards were started in 



