1919] DISEASES OF PLANTS. 451 



care be exercised in tiie transfer of soil in tlie inoculation of new fields with tlie 

 nitrogen-fixing organism, and in not returning manure to clover fields when hay 

 from infested fields has been fed. The adoption of a system of crop rotation is 

 said to be the only reliable means of control for infested fields. 



" Heart damage " in baled jute, R. S. Finlow {Mem. Dept. Agr. India, Chem- 

 Ser., 5 (1918), No. 2, pp. 33-68). — Reporting results of studies carried on since 

 1907, the author states that heart damage of jute occurs only where damp jute 

 is closely packed in mass. In the center a rise of temperature occurs, due to 

 the action of thermophilic bacteria which attack the cellulose constituent of the 

 fiber, which is apparently hydrolyzed and rendei'ed useless for spinning pur- 

 poses. Isolated bacterial cultures reproduced the heart damage in the labora- 

 tory. Aspergillus fumigatv-s, although almost always present, is supposed sim- 

 ply to live on the degi-adation products of the cellulose. 



Tight packing lowers the water requirement conditioning heart damage, which 

 never occurs in so-called genuine jute, this term being applied to jute which has 

 been perfectly dried and which has not been exposed to night dews or otherwise 

 watered. Ship damage is supposed to be identical with heart damage, although 

 It originates on the outside of the bales. 



Heart rot or black pit of pea, H. A. A. van der Lek (Tijdschr. Plantenziek- 

 ten, 24 (1918), No. 3, pp. 102-11/f, pi. i).— This trouble, which appears to have 

 been present in Holland for some years, has been associated with bacteria and 

 also with Ascochyta pisi, but further studies regarding the causal organism are 

 considered necessary. 



Potato diseases, VI- VIII, E. M. Doidge (So. African Fruit Grower, 5 (1918), 

 Nos. 1, pp. 6, 7, figs. 2; 3. pp. 47, 48, figs. 6; 5. pp. 94, 95, figs. 2).— Three papers 

 are given. 



VI. The Rhizoctonia disease of potatoes (Corticiuni vagum solani). — C. vagum 

 solani is discussed, as occurring in Its sclerotial stage R. solani on potato, in 

 connection with rosette, little potato, aerial potato, stem rot, and russet scab, 

 with conditions favoring the disease (heavy soil, poor drainage, and high tem- 

 perature) and its control (including the use of corrosive sublimate, 2.5 oz. to 

 15 gal. water, treatment for seed tubers, clean cultivation, and rotation). 



VII. Late blight or Irish potato blight (Phytophthora infestans). — It is stated 

 that although late blight (P. infestans) is ordinarily of secondary importance in 

 South Africa as compared with early blight (Macrosporitim solani), it occa- 

 sionally appears during very wet seasons in epidemic form, being favored by 

 the presence of other hosts, but is controllable by the proper use of Bordeaux 

 mixture in due season. 



VIII. Internal broicn fleck. — This disease is supposed to occur wherever pota- 

 toes are cultivated and to be quite common in South Africa, appearing to be 

 connected with deficiency of lime, sulphates, and perhaps nitrogen. 



Leptonecrosis [leaf roll] of the potato plant, and allied diseases, H. M. 

 QuANJER, H. A. A. VAN DER Lek, and .T. A. Botjes (Ann. Sci. Agron., 4. ser., 6 

 (1917), Nos. 7-9, pp. 301-357, figs. 11; 10-12, pp. 455-494, figs. 2).— This is a 

 translation into French by V. Antoine of a contribution previously noted (E. S. 

 R., 36, p. 847). It includes an extended bibliography. 



The use of lime in controlling finger-and-toe in turnips, J. Hendrick 

 (Trans. Highland and Agr. Soc. Scot., 5. ser., 30 (1918), pp. 137-145) .—Having 

 noted in a previous report (E. S. R., 31, p. 424) a reduction of finger-and-toe 

 In turnips associated with the use of lime either in burnt form or as carbonate, 

 the author now gives attention to some criticisms offered regarding the use of 

 lime, presenting illustrations of successful applications of such treatments dur- 

 ing the years 1915 to 1917 employing ground lime or waste lime from paper 

 works. 



