1919] ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 459 



as the buds become pink, is quite effective. It is pointed out that control \vork 

 should be practiced by the entire community since reinfestation will otherwise 

 take place during the summer. Summer control methods proved to be of no 

 practical value. 



A record by Morrill of the occurrence of the species for the first time in 

 Arizona in 1917, when it was very destructive to peaches in three widely sepa- 

 rated orchards In the Salt River Valley, has been noted (E. S. R., 40, p. 853). 



The life history of the oriental peach moth (Laspeyresia molesta), C. 

 Haktjkawa and N. Yagi (Ser. Ohara Inst. Landw. For sell., 1 {1911), No. 2, pp. 

 151-170, pis. £).— It is pointed out by the authors that there are three closely 

 related enemies of the peach in Japan, namely, the codling moth, Carpocapsa 

 pcrsicana, and L. molesta. It is believed that L. molesta is not a native of 

 Japan, since damage by it was not observed prior to 1899 and it has attracted 

 attention only since 1902. The species is distributed throughout Japan, except 

 in Hokkaido and the northern portions, and also occurs in Korea. 



There are five generations on the southern coast of western Japan and four 

 in the Province of Schimane. In field cages the length of the life cycle varied 

 from 26 to 37 days. From 5 to 65 eggs were deposited by each female, the egg 

 stage lasting from 2 to 4 days, the larval from 11 to 15, and the pupal from 

 6 to 10 days. The caterpillars of the last generation hibernate, the adults 

 emerging about the end of April. The authors have observed its oviposition 

 on Pyrus sinensis, pear, Prunus mume, Japanese cherry, common cherry, apple, 

 plum, and sand cherry, and reared the pest on all but apple. IMuch of the data 

 are presented in tabular form. 



Studies of this pest in the United States by Quaintance and Wood (E. S. R., 

 36, p. 358), Wood and Selkregg (E. S. R., 39, p. 259), and by Garman (E. S. R., 

 39, p. 260) have been noted. 



The rice moth, F. H. Chittenden {U. S. Dept. Agr. Bui. 7S3 (1919), pp. 15, 

 pis. 5, figs. 2). — Complaints of damage by what proved to be Corcyra cephalon- 

 ica received in October, 1911, from a firm manufacturing chocolate in western 

 Pennsylvania and a year later from another manufacturer in the same State 

 led to the discovery for the first time of the occurrence of this insect in the 

 United States, but it was not identified until 1916. While the origin of the 

 species is unknown, it has been introduced at many points in other continents 

 and has been found commonly in England, where it was introduced in rice, chiefly 

 from India and Burma, and also in dried fruits. While it has only been 

 recognized in this country from western Pennsylvania and Port Rico, it is 

 thought to occur vnthout doubt at other points. 



The species is inclined to be omnivorous, breeding in rice, dried fruits, cacao 

 leaves and the various products of cacao, such as cocoa, cacao shells, and 

 sweetened and unsweetened chocolate, shop biscuits, and sesame seeds. No 

 partiality is shown for any of these food substances, however. 



While its complete life history has not been ascertained, it reproduces nearly 

 the year around under average indoor conditions. In the United States, infesta- 

 tions appear to die down from time to time, but are stimulated through ship- 

 ments of cacao beans from South and Central America. It produces copious 

 and dense external webbing to which food materials, such as rice, cocoa, and 

 other matter, strongly adhere. In this respect its work and injury resemble 

 those of the fig moth (Ephestia cantella) and related species and the Indian 

 meal moth. 



Control measures include the clearing out of infested warehouses, fumigation 

 of sacks which have contained rice or other cereal, cacao beans, etc., and de- 

 struction of waste by burning, after which the plant should be fumigated with 

 hydrocyanic acid gas or heat applied (120 to 130° F.) for several hours. 



