1919] VETERINAKY MEDICINE. 475 



observed in the interval between the two with different dyes. The flavins 

 apparently showed no specific action, while the triphenylmethane dyes showed a 

 definite specificity for one or anotlier type of organism. Mnlacliite and brilliant 

 green affected the streptococcus and the colon bacillus, methyl and crystal 

 violet affected the colon and pyocyaneus bacilli, and Victoria and night blue 

 were specific for Gram-positive organisms. The formation of addition products 

 of the dye with a halid as in methyl green and iodin green greatly reduced the 

 toxicity for all bacteria, and sulphonation destroyed it. 



In the tissue experiments it was found that tissue cells were always inhibited 

 before streptococci by the triphenylmethane dyes, while with the flavins, the 

 dilution producing inhibition was the same for tissue and streptococci, although 

 other bacteria required greater concentrations. With brilliant green and night 

 blue there was evidence of specific toxicity for tissue cells, thus indicating that 

 better clinical results might be expected from the use of flavin than brilliant 

 green in wound dressings. 



Attention is called to the fact that in every case a greater concentration of 

 the dye was necessary to inhibit bacterial growth in the presence of seruna 

 and tissue than in plain broth, a result in variance with the claim of Browning 

 at al. (E. S. R., 41, p. 188) that flavin is more bactericidal in the presence of 

 serum than in plain broth. It is pointed out, however, that in the experiments 

 here reported the tissue cells were growing under highly artificial conditions, 

 and that in the body a greater resistance to the antiseptic is probably shown by 

 the cells and a smaller resistance by the bacteria. 



'^ Bipp " treatment. — Bismuth iodoform paste, E. S. W. Peatt {Vet. Jour,, 

 75 {1919), No. 527, pp. 163-173).— The author presents the results of 16 cases 

 treated with bismuth iodoform paraffin paste and compares it with the Carrel 

 treatment. He finds that both methods give excellent results but differ in cer- 

 tain points. 



" In respect to the type of wound for which each is suitable, Bipp can be used 

 in any wound, whereas Carrel treatment can not, on account of the difficulty of 

 keeping the tubes fixed in the wound, e. g., in a punctured foot ; unless there is 

 a communicating wound above the coronet, it is impossible to keep a Carrel tube 

 in position. The same applies to wounds of very mobile parts of the body and 

 parts difficult to bandage, e. g., the ear ; it is also difficult to keep a tube in a 

 vertical w^ound opening downwards, e. g., a dental fistula of the lower jaw. 

 In all these cases Bipp is the better treatment. 



" Bipp is the more suitable dressing in punctured wounds from which there is 

 not an excess of purulent discharge, and which can be plugged, e. g., picked up 

 nail. It is also preferable in operation wounds which it is desired to keep asep- 

 tic and in which healing by first intention is expected, especially if the wound 

 is sutured. 



"■ Carrel treatment, on the other hand, is more effective than Bipp in the more 

 septic and larger types of wound with profuse purulent discharge, and in con- 

 ditions which must be treated as open wounds. Here the continuous instilla- 

 tion of eusol rapidly cleanses the wound both by its mechanical and chemical 

 actions. Whereas, if Bipp were used in this latter case, too frequent dressings 

 and a large quantity of the paste would be required, and the treatment would 

 not be economical because the area so to be dressed is extensive and the paste 

 w'ould rapidly be carried out of the wound in the discharge. 



" In Bipp treatment fewer dressings and less attention to the wound betw'een 

 dressings are required. Eusol is very cheap, whereas Bipp is expensive, but 

 moi-e dressing materials and apparatus are necessary for Carrel treatment. 

 Bipp gives the more rapid results in most cases." 



