1919] HORTICULTURE. 539 



In the Stokes orchard <No. 2), spraying twice, once just after bloom and 

 again soon after bloom, has given an annual average of 90 to 95 per cent of 

 sound fruit as compared with about 98 per cent of sound fruit in the orchard 

 previously reported on, whicli was sprayed once just after bloom fall and 

 again in midsummer. The average yield per acre for the 10-year period was 

 448 bu., the average gross income per acre $406.45, and the average net in- 

 come per acre $183.68, figuring the cost at 50 cts. per bushel. 



In the Starcher orchard (No. 3), selected to test performance in a hilly 

 section, three sprayings, two soon after bloom and a third in July, gave an 

 average of only 1.66 per cent of worminess while two sprayings made soon 

 after bloom gave an average of 2.92 per cent wormy fruit. Owing to two 

 crop failures the average gross income per acre of this orchard, which was 

 15 years old at the beginning of the experiment, has not been high ; only $71.93. 

 The estimated annual net income per acre on a cost basis of 50 cts. per bushel 

 was $23.90. It is pointed out that the cost of producing apples on such cheap 

 hill land is probably much less than 50 cts. per bushel and that actual prices 

 of good fruit are now much higher ; hence the man with limited capital may 

 expect good financial returns from orchards developed on these cheap hillside 

 lands. 



Using' an apple sizing machine, I. P. Lewis (Mo. Bui. Ohio Sta., 4 {1919), 

 No, 7, pp. 221-224, figs. 3). — A descriptive account with illustrations. 



Experiments with citrus trees, B. F. Floyd {Florida Sta. Rpt. 1918, pp. 39- 

 53, figs. 2). — A progress report on a number of fertilizer experiments with 

 citrus trees is given. 



One set of expei'iments, here described in detail, includes a comparative test 

 of phosphoric acid from different sources. The phosphoric acid is used in com- 

 bination with other elements, although no potash has been used thus far. The 

 test is being conducted with young trees on virgin soil, with young trees on soil 

 completely fertilized during the two years before planting, and with bearing 

 trees over 25 years old that have always been well fertilized. Thus far the 

 trees in all of the experimental groves have made satisfactoi-y growth, and no 

 differences have become evident that can be attributed to the fertilizer treat- 

 ment. 



An experiment was started in 1914 to determine the influence of fertilizer 

 treatment upon tlie coloration of grapefruit in a grove wdiere the fruit showed 

 a greenish tint at maturity instead of a normal deep yellow. The results indi- 

 cate that the fertilizer treatment was not a controlling factor in the development 

 of the trouble, but that the controlling factor was associated in some way with 

 the influence of the stoclv upon the scion. 



Other experiments, here outlined, that have not been conducted long enough 

 to warrant deductions include a study of the influence of different ratios of 

 phosphoric acid and potash in fertilizers upon tree growth and fruit produc- 

 tion, and the efficiency of finely ground phosphate rock, stable manure, and 

 legumes as a fertilizer for citrus trees. 



Report of assistant plant physiologist, M. Nothnagel {Florida Sta. Rpt. 

 1918, pp. 54, 55). — The main line of work for the year lias been a study of the 

 time of development and structure of fruit buds in citrus. Material for study 

 was collected from summer, fall, and spring flushes at various stages, ranging 

 from the time the flush started growth until the following flush was beginning 

 growth. 



A gross examination of the material showed no external clue to the kind of 

 bud or buds that were to develop in a cluster in the following growth. The 

 microscopic examination showed a cluster of two to four buds in the axil of 



