1919] RtTRAL ECONOMICS. 387 



The crops found most profitable for the average farm of the timbered section 

 of northern Minnesota were oats, clover, fodder corn, potatoes, and rutabagas. 

 A 3-year crop rotation of grain, clover, and cultivated crops was found the best 

 system of cropping for large yields. 



Clover seeded among the stumps on cut-over land produced excellent pasture. 

 Dairy cows on the experiment farm produced as nnieh as 40 lbs. of butter fat 

 for the pasture season from an acre of cut-over land pasture that was the result 

 of clover seeding. 



Only potatoes should be sold from the farm, other crops being fed and sold 

 in the form of butter fat and other finished products. Practically all kinds of 

 roots and vegetables were grown successfully. Plums, raspberries, currants, 

 and strawberries were grown with continued success, but apples were a failure. 

 Swamp land, known as " muskeg," was tile-drained and thoroughly tilled, but 

 proved unsatisfactory for crop production. 



I'ig raising was found profitable in connection with dairying. Poultry on a 

 small scale was profitable, but less so on a large scale. Sheep gave fair returns. 



Tables are drawn up to show dilTerent factors that influence profit or loss 

 in dairying, records of the dairy herd 1904—1914, and a summary of the crop 

 production through the same period. 



Select list of references on economic reconstruction, including reports of 

 the British Ministry of Reconstruction, H. H. B. IMeyer {Washin<jto)i: Libr. 

 Cong. [U. S.], 1919, pp. 47). — A list of selected books, in English and French, 

 on economic reconstruction, including some relating to agriculture and food 

 supplies. 



The country church in the new world order, E. Des. Brunnee {New Yo)-k: 

 Assoc. Press, 1919, pp. XI+16Jf). — Examples are given of the success of country 

 churches in meeting war problems in their respective communities, and their 

 functions and responsibility in reconstruction are forecasted. 



The problem of land ownership: A proposal for its rational solution, P. 

 Balinsky {New York: [Autfior], 1919, pp. 96, pis. 7). — A project is advanced 

 which includes purchase by the Government of all the land, its resale by lots, 

 and the organization of four departments under a central institution which 

 shall administer and guarantee to farmers all the benefits of modern science 

 and culture. 



Farm tenantry in Nebraska compared with farm ownership, H. Kano 

 {Thesis, Univ. Nebr., 1918, pp. .'f2, pis. 2, figs. 2). — Fift.v-one individual farm 

 records taken in Thurston County, 52 in Seward County, and 55 in Gage County, 

 Nebr., were used as the basis for this study. Those from Thurston wei'e classi- 

 fied as owned, part owned, share-cash rented, and cash rented ; those from 

 the other two counties as owned, part owned, and share-cash rented, giving a 

 total of 10 groups in the three counties. The various items recorded in the 

 records of the group were totaled and then averaged, reducing each of the 10 

 tenure groups to an average one-record basis. 



The foundations of society and the land, J. W. Jeudwine {London: Williams 

 & Norgnte, 1918, pp. XXVIII+SUf, pi. 1, fig. 1). — The account of the communal 

 society by Tacitus in his Germania, Ancient Laws of England, Ireland, and 

 Wales, Ye:ir Books of Edward I, II, and III, Scandinavian sagas, and numerous 

 ancient and recent official and personal records furnished the basis of this 

 study of beginnings of agriculture in Great Britain and Ireland, transition to 

 the feudal system, holding and transfer of land in mediaeval society, alienation 

 and inheritance, uses of waste land and forest under both comnumal and feudal 

 systems, and inclosures. Much purely historical matter is treated from the 

 author's point of view of the social as opposed to the constitutional historian 

 to show the agricultural and economic ruin of Ireland and Scotland. 



