1919] ANIMAL PRODUCTION". 563 



sition of Filipino urine as compared with tlie known standards of Europeans, 

 Americans, and Bengalis. 



Tlie composition of Filipino urine as averaged from over 200 specimens was 

 as follows : Daily volume 935 cc, specific gravity 1.019, total nitrogen expressed 

 as N2 7.01 gm., urea 9.59, urea nitrogen 4.4S, ammonia 0.G41, ammonia nitrogen 

 0.534, creatinin 1.478, creatiniu nitrogen 0.549, uric acid 0.376, uric acid nitro- 

 gen 0.125, undetermined nitrogen 1.271, total sulphur oxidized expressed as SO3 

 1.475, inorganic sulphates 1.169, ethereal sulphates 0.306, total phosphates as 

 PsOb 1.285, and total chlorids as NaCl 5.86 gm. 



Certain points of Interest are brought out by a com'parison of these figures 

 with other standards. The total quantity of urine excreted is lower than the 

 averages found for Europeans and Americans, which is explained by the high 

 humidity and temperature of the Philippine atmosphere. The total nitrogen 

 * represents a daily metabolism of 43.81 gm. of protein, which is only 37 per cent 

 of Voit's standard. The figures for urea and urea nitrogen are very low. The 

 urea nitrogen is only 63.86 per cent of the total nitrogen excreted in the urine, 

 a result in agreement with Folin's conclusion (E. S. R., 17, p. 167) that on a 

 reduced protein diet the proportion of urea nitrogen falls to about 60 per cent 

 of the total nitrogen. Th.e creatinin output, which was within the limits of the 

 average excretion in temperate climates, is also in accord with the statement of 

 Folin that the quantity of creatinin excreted on a low protein diet is practically 

 the same as on a high protein diet, and of other observers that there is no evi- 

 dence of a gi-eater creatinin output hi the Tropics. The low ratio of total 

 oxidized sulphur to etliereal sulphates is explained by the vegetable character 

 of the diet. 



Metabolism and cooling power, L. Hill and D. Haegood-Ash {Jour. Physiol., 

 52 (1919), No. 6, pp. LXIX-LXXI). — Essentially noted from another source 

 (E. S. R.. 41, p. 305). 



Energy exchange in man, A. Keogh {Jonr. Physiol., 52 {1919), Xo. 6. p. 

 LXXIV). — The respiratory quotient was determined by the use of a Jaquet 

 chamber and a new gas analysis apparatus accurate both for O2 and CO^ to 

 about 0.001 per cent. 



The amount of technical work performed varied for the different subjects be- 

 tween 0.7 and 1.1 calories per minute. The metabolic energy, exclusive of rest- 

 ing metabolism, corresponding to 1 calorie of technical work, varied with the 

 subjects between 5.3 and 4.2 calories and corresponding to efficiencies of be- 

 tween 19 and 24 per cent. A distinct influence of draining upon the efficiency 

 was observed, in one case the metabolism per calorie decreasing during 25 days 

 from 4.6 to 4.3 calories. 



The metabolism per calorie of technical work was found to be a straight line 

 function of the respiratory quotient and distinctly higher for fat than for car- 

 bohydrate. When fat was utilized for nmscular work a loss of energy took place, 

 amounting to from 8 to 12 per cent of the fat catabolized. It is thought that 

 this can be explained on the hypothesis that carbohydrates can be utilized 

 more or less directly by the muscles, while fat must first be converted to some 

 substance allied to carbohydrates. Most of the subjects found that it was 

 easier to perform the work on a carbohydrate diet than on any other. 



ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 



[Association of Feed Control Officials. — Sixth, seventh, and eighth meet- 

 ings] {Flour, Hay, Grain, and Feed, 26 {1914), No. 1, pp. 25-30, 32, U, figs. 8; 

 28 {1915), No. 1, pp. 19-31, figs. 16; 30 {1916), No. 1, pp.. 17-27, figs. 9).— Con- 



