590 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. [Vol.41 



cf not less than one nor more than six hours' output of waste. This cliamber 

 should be provided with an automatic siphon discharging to the filter beds 



" The sand filters should liave an area of about 725 sq. ft. per 1.000 gal. 

 daily output of waste. . . . The upper layer should be composed of 3 ft. of 

 clean fairly coarse sand, such as would be suitable for concrete. This sand 

 sliould be laid upon an underdrain system composed of parallel or radiating 

 lines of agricultural draintile, suitably embedded in coarse stone graded upward 

 t(; tine stone and gravel to exclude the upper sand layer. This tilter should be 

 divided into not less than 2 and preferably 4 units, with suitable arrangement 

 for diverting the flow to one or another. The units should be used in rotation." 



Construction and care of fish ponds, R. C. Osburn {Mo. Bui. Ohio Sta., 4 

 (1919), No. 7, pp. 215-220, figs. 4). — This article, a contribution from the de- 

 partment of zoology and entomology, Ohio State University, deals primarily 

 with the construction and care of farm fish ponds, with special reference to 

 Ohio conditions. 



It is stated that the greatest depth should not be less than 5 or 6 ft., and 

 that there should be an ample area of shallow water around the edge of the 

 pond from 1 to 2 ft. in depth where weeds will grow thickly. This should have 

 some gravelly and sandy areas. The shallow area should be at least half 

 that of the pond. It is stated that in Ohio almost any unpolluted source of 

 water supply will be satisfactory. 



The question of stocking with fish is also discussed. 



■RURAL ECONOMICS. 



Bural, social, and economic problems of the United States, 0. J. Galpin 

 and A. B. Cox (Amcr. Assoc. Agr. Leg. Bui. 3 (1919), pp. 2+16).— This is the 

 third of a series of studies published by the American Association for Agricul- 

 tural Legislation. It consists of a catalogue and summary of about 150 

 answers to a letter requesting a statement of the chief rural, social, and 

 economic problems sent to a selected list of persons interested in, and ac- 

 quainted with, agricultural problems. 



The proceedings of the First National Country Life Conference (Proc. 

 Nat. Cotintry Life Conf., 1 (1919), pp. 238). — In this volume are included a 

 summary of conclusions of committees and the following papers on subjects 

 relating to rural problems heard at the conference held at Baltimore, Md.» 

 January 6 and 7, 1919 : The Work of the Committee on Country Life, by K. L. 

 Butterfield ; Home Service of the Red Cross — Its Significance as an Experiment 

 in Rural Social Work, by J. F. Steiner; Community Councils: Their Present 

 Work ; Their Future Opportunity, by E. D. Smith ; The County Farm Bureau : 

 A New Factor in Rural Life, by A. B. Graham ; The Present Crisis and Future 

 Needs of Rural Education, by H. W. Foght ; The Present Demand for Improve- 

 ment in Rural Government and Needed Legislation, by E. C. Branson ; Better 

 Organization for Rural Social Service, by H. I. Curry ; Realignment of Re- 

 ligious and Moral Forces for Country Life, by W. H. Wilson ; The New Appi-e- 

 ciation of Play and Recreation in Rural Life, by E. C. Lindeman ; The Problem 

 of the Changing Rural Home, by G. L. White; The Enlistment of Trained 

 Leadership, by W. J. Campbell ; Investigation and Teaching of Rural Social 

 Problems, by C. J. Galpin ; A Cooperative Plan of National Rural Research 

 (E. S. R., 40, p. 890) ; The Federation of Country Life Forces, by E. L. 

 Morgan ; The Social effects of Improved Communication in Rural Life, by 

 .T. M. Gillette; and Internationalizing the Country Life Movement, by K. L. 

 Butterfield, et al. In appendixes are a report of the conference on country 

 life interests held at Washington, November IG and 17, 1917, reprints from 



