1019] RURAL ECONOMICS. 593 



attitude of the various governmonts toward it, iuid the future of the movement; 

 are described in detail. 



Cooperation in the new world, L. Smith-Gordon {Better Business, 4 {1919), 

 Nos. 2, pp. 81-97; 4, 249-255). — The first of these articles gives an account of 

 the peoples' banks of Quebec, credit unions of Massachusetts, the remedial loan 

 associations under management of the Russell Sage Foundation, the Jewish 

 credit societies, and credit unions of North Carolina. The second is a sum- 

 mary of the series of articles reporting the author's visits to farmers' co- 

 operative societies in America (E. S. R., 40, p. 591). His final comment is that 

 American cooperation has been largely built up upon the agricultural supply 

 business and the marketing of produce, in which latter sphere there is an ad- 

 vance over anything in other countries and that the chief criticism of the move- 

 ment as a whole in the United States is its weakness in regard to federation. 

 He points out also that a v^-ide field exists for international cooperative action. 



The cooperative marketing of live stock {Agr. Gas. Canada, 6 {1919), No. 7, 

 pp. 635-646, figs. 4)- — Brief reports of the work in Nova Scotia, Quebec, On- 

 tario, Saskatchewan, and Western Canada are given to show the progress of 

 this form of farmers' cooperation. 



The cooperative societies for bringing land under cultivation, M. L. Tardy 

 {Compt. Rend. Acad. Agr. France, 15 {1919), No. 2, pp. 79-92; abs. in Internat. 

 Inst. Agr. [Rome], Internat. Rev. Agr. Econ., 10 {1919), No. 1-2, pp. 30-35; 

 Scot. Jour. Agr., 2 {1919), No. 3, pp. 422, 423). — This reports the author's inquiry 

 into the work of cooperative cultivating societies in various districts of 

 France in increasing agricultural production and bringing about certain social 

 and economic reconstruction. 



Municipal markets in cities having a population of over 30,000, 1918 

 {Washi)igto7i: Bureau of the Census, 1919, pp. 56). — Data ai'e presented in gen- 

 eral tables and in the text relating to them showing organization, classes of 

 employees, areas and buildings, rentals and methods of operation of markets, 

 and regulations and various laws concerning public markets, together with the 

 revenues, costs, and valuations of this enterprise at the close of the year 1918. 



Geographical phases of farm prices: Oats, L. B. Zapoieon {U. S. Dept. Agr. 

 Bui. 755 {1919), pp. 28, pis. 2, fig. i).— This study of farm prices of oats is 

 .similar in plan to one relating to corn, previously noted (E. S. R., 39, p. 895). 

 Price maps showing sectional differences in farmers' prices of oats, based on 

 averages by counties for the five years, 1910-1914, and the relative importance 

 of different parts of the United States in the production of oats according to 

 the census of 1909 are given ; also statistics for the disposition of the crops, 

 farm consumption, commercial movement, influence on price of trade routes 

 and commercial centers, a retrospective view of farm prices of oats, 1871-1915, 

 local price factors, trends of yields, values to the acre, geographical differences 

 in prices, cost of production, and miscellaneous data. 



The sugar question and the resupplying of France during the period 

 1914-1917, H. Remy {La Question des Sucres et le Ravitaillement de la 

 France pendant la Pcriode 1914 d, 1917. Paris: Lib?: Soc. Rec. Sirey, 1917, pp. 

 172). — This is a study of production and prices of beet and cane sugar. It re- 

 views the movement of sugar upon the world market and the production and 

 consumption of this commodity in France between 1841 and the years immedi- 

 ately preceding the outbreak of the war. A detailed account is given of State 

 intervention and the various means adopted to secure a supply in France and 

 the foreign countries. In this connection information relating to conditions in 

 Germany is taken from an Abstract of German Economic Legislation During 

 the Present War by T. Reinach. 



