1919] DAIRY FARMING — DAIRYING. 5*73 



cows examined by the author and J. W. Whitehouse, working at the Ken- 

 tucky Experiment Station. It was found that Guenon's Flandrine type pre- 

 dominated among Holstein, Guernsey, Kerry, and the few Ayrshire cows ex- 

 amined, while the Selvedges type was most comnfon among Jerseys. Average 

 production records of Jerseys are cited, the types of cows with lower order 

 escutcheons of both the Flandrine and the Selvedges type yielding more milk 

 and butterfut than those witli lirst order escutcheons of corresponding type. 



Composite samples, their value to the dairy plant, T. Mojonnier (Creamery 

 and Milk Plant Mo., 7 {1918), No. 12, pp. 32d, 32e).—The use of formaldehyde 

 to preserve composite samples of milk is advocated. Data from 16 samples 

 thus preserved are tabuhited to show that no signiflcant changes occurred in 

 the percentages of fat and total solids during 31 days. 



Varying bacteriolog'ical results obtained by diiferent laboratories, C. H. 

 KiLBOUKNE {Creameri/ and Milk Plant Mo., 7 (1918), Nos. 10, pp. 54-56; 11, pp. 

 JfO-42. Jf-'t). — The autlior records his efforts to secure greater uniformity in the 

 results of different commercial laboratories in the bacteriological examination 

 of the sanfe samples of milk. Bacterial counts of a number of subsamples 

 distributed to four laboratories are tabulated and the variations in technique 

 noted. A satisfactoi-y degree of uniformity was secured only when analysts 

 from each concern worked together in the same laboratory and made conscious 

 effort to follow the same procedure. 



A new method for scoring dairies, H. F. Judkins {Creamery and Milk Plant 

 Mo., 7 {1918), No. 7, pp. 27-29).— The characteristic features of the proposed 

 system of scoring is that the inspector fills out the answers (usually with " yes " 

 or "no") to a questionnaire as to conditions on each dairy farm visited, and 

 that from these answers a rating is given not to each item of equipment or 

 method but to four groups of items. The groups are: (1) Primary equipment, 

 including health of cows, sanitary conditions of the barns, type of nfilk pail, 

 and provisions for cooling milk and washing the utensils; (2) secondary equip- 

 ment; (3) primai*y methods, including procedure at milking, disposal of ma- 

 nure, washing of utensils, and care of milk; and (4) secondary methods. 

 The scores allowed each group are respectively, 30, 5, 55, and 10 points. 



The principal advantage claimed is the latitude allowed the inspector in be- 

 ing able to vary the relative weights of the individual items to meet local 

 conditions or to conform to advances in dairy science. It is also held that 

 the answers to the questions would provide more useful information to the 

 afain office than a mere numerical rating. 



The Chicago milk inquiry, C. S. Duncan {Jour. Polit. Econ., 26 {1918), No. 4, 

 pp. 321-3Jf6). — This iiajier presents a statement of events leading to the forma- 

 tion in December, 1917, of a commission to fix a fair price for milk in the 

 Chicago district ; summarizes the briefs presented by the producers, by the 

 distributors, and by the City Club of Chicago which represented the consumers ; 

 outlines some of the testimony reported in the (apparently unpublished) 

 record of the commission; analyzes the issues at stake; and discusses the de- 

 cision which the commission rendered in February, 1918, and the controversies 

 resulting. 



The comiifission was occupied mostly in considering cost of production. 

 Twelve formulas to determine the amounts of feed and labor required to pro- 

 duce 100 lbs. of milk are tabulated by the author from among those collected 

 by the City Club from various sources. In discussing how these were to be 

 converted into money values, the farmers held that the farm values of home- 

 gi'own feeds should be used while the consumers would allow only the actual 

 cost of growing and preparing the feeds. The comiifission in its majority re- 

 port avoided a decision on this point by assuming that the producers' prices 



