580 EXPERIME]SrT STATION EECORD. [Vol.41 



cocci were found in such a high percentage of the cases and in the majority 

 of the cases in pure culture, and also that strains injected into laboratory ani- 

 mals proved pathogenic, led to the belief that they are the cause of one form 

 of ulcerative lymphangitis. 



The streptococci of equines, F. S. Jones {Jour. Expt. Med., 30 (1919), Xo. 2, 

 pp. 159-178, pi. 1). — "Tlie lower nasal mucosa and tlie pharynx of 30 eastern 

 and 23 western horses have been examined for streptococci. Eight of the 

 eastern horses carried nonhemolytic streptococci on the nasal mucosa. From 

 the pharynx of 6, nonhemolytic streptococci were cultivated. The throats of 

 18 contained strains of the hemolytic type. The nasal mucosa of the eastern 

 horses failed to show hemolytic streptococci. Eight western horses carried 

 nonhemolytic streptococci in the nasal passage; 8 also harbored the hemolytic 

 type. Twenty-two strains were isolated from the pharynx. Eleven were 

 hemolytic. 



"Among all the nonhemolytic nasal strains those capable of fermenting 

 mannite predominate. Those of the nonliemolytic types from the pharynx of 

 both classes of horses may or may not ferment lactose but all do ferment either 

 raffinose or inulin. In no instance have any of the nonhemolytic types proved 

 pathogenic for mice. The hemolytic strains from the nasal mucosa of the 

 western horses were all of the streptococcus pyogenes type. They were 

 pathogenic for mice and rabbits. One strain from the pharynx of an eastern 

 horse and 8 from the throats of tlie western horses were of the same species. 

 All the others corresponded closely in their fermentation reactions with non- 

 hemolytic streptococci from the same region. 



" The streptococci from pathological sources were all hemolytic. They have 

 fallen into two groups; the larger group («S'. pyogenes) produced acid in 

 dextrose, lactose, saccharose, maltose, milk, and salicin, but failed to change 

 the reaction of broth containing raffinose, inulin, or mannite. The strepto- 

 cocci of the smaller group (&'. equi) differ only in their inability to ferment 

 lactose or acidulate milk. Both types are pathogenic for mice. Rabbits are 

 usually more resistant. 



" (S. pyogenes has been isolated from 18 of 22 cases of influenza, 3 of 6 cases 

 of strangles, and from 8 of 9 abscesses. <S. equi was observed in 4 horses suffer- 

 ing from influenza, and .1 others affected with strangles. This species was also 

 found in an abscess and associated with both rhinitis and pharyngitis." 



Scrapie, J. P. M'Gowan {Jour. Compar. Path, and Ther., 31 {1918), No. 4> 

 pp. 278-290). — This is a reply to the criticism by M'Fadyean (E. S. R., 41, p. 

 85) of the author's work previously noted (E. S. R., 32, p. 270). 



Sarcosporidia as the cause of scrapie, J. M'Fadyean {Jour. Compar. Path, 

 and Ther., 31 {1918), No. 4, pp. 290-299). — A further critical review of the work 

 by M'Gowan (E. S. R., 32, p. 276), in view of the explanations set forth in 

 the paper noted above. 



Traumatic action of Strongylus equinus, S. E. Parodi and V. Widakovich 

 {Rev. Zoot6c., 6 {1919), No. 6Jf, pp. 277-2cS2, pis. 3).— A report upon the injury 

 caused by this parasite. 



The differentiation and distribution of the paratyphoid enteritidis group. — 

 VI, Avian paratyphoid bacilli: A comparative study of B. pullorum and B. 

 sanguinarium, F. W. Mulsow {Jour. Infect. Diseases, 25 {1919), No. 2, pp. 

 135-162). — The studies here reported, which are in continuation of the series 

 previously noted (E. S. R., 40, p. 478), are summarized as follows: 



" There is little exact knowledge at present concerning the distribution of 

 B. pullornm and D. sanguinarium, but it appears that both cause considerable 

 losses to poultry raisers in many parts of the United States. There has ap- 

 parently been some confusion at times in differentiating D. avisepticus from 



